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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of web service discovery?
What is the primary function of web service discovery?
- To encrypt and decrypt web service communications.
- To locate and identify available web services and their endpoints. (correct)
- To define the sequence of security interactions.
- To manage transaction rollbacks and error handling.
Which aspect of web service communication does security choreography primarily address?
Which aspect of web service communication does security choreography primarily address?
- Managing access control lists and permissions.
- Implementing firewall rules and network security policies.
- Defining data encryption standards.
- Establishing the order of security-related interactions between parties. (correct)
In a web service architecture, what role does the endpoint play?
In a web service architecture, what role does the endpoint play?
- It specifies the format of data exchanged between services.
- It manages the security policies for service interactions.
- It controls the flow of messages within a service orchestration.
- It defines the address where a web service can be accessed. (correct)
How does security choreography contribute to overall web service security?
How does security choreography contribute to overall web service security?
What would be the result if web service discovery failed in a service-oriented architecture?
What would be the result if web service discovery failed in a service-oriented architecture?
What primary security measures are ensured during the exchange of SOAP messages?
What primary security measures are ensured during the exchange of SOAP messages?
What is the main purpose of WSDL (Web Services Description Language)?
What is the main purpose of WSDL (Web Services Description Language)?
In web services, what role does encryption play during the exchange of SOAP messages?
In web services, what role does encryption play during the exchange of SOAP messages?
Which characteristic of SOAP ensures that data remains unaltered during transmission between web services?
Which characteristic of SOAP ensures that data remains unaltered during transmission between web services?
How does WSDL contribute to the development and deployment of web services?
How does WSDL contribute to the development and deployment of web services?
What primary role does XML messaging format play in application communication?
What primary role does XML messaging format play in application communication?
How do Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) primarily function on the web?
How do Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) primarily function on the web?
In the context of web architecture, what is the significance of defining a standard XML message format?
In the context of web architecture, what is the significance of defining a standard XML message format?
Which component is responsible for specifying the location of a resource on the internet?
Which component is responsible for specifying the location of a resource on the internet?
What distinguishes a URN (Uniform Resource Name) from a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?
What distinguishes a URN (Uniform Resource Name) from a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?
Which component of a URI is responsible for specifying the protocol used for accessing the resource?
Which component of a URI is responsible for specifying the protocol used for accessing the resource?
A system is designed such that each resource is accessible through a unique URI. Which REST principle does this reflect?
A system is designed such that each resource is accessible through a unique URI. Which REST principle does this reflect?
In the context of URIs, what is the primary role of the 'queryString' component?
In the context of URIs, what is the primary role of the 'queryString' component?
Which of the following is NOT a valid option for the 'scheme' component in a URI?
Which of the following is NOT a valid option for the 'scheme' component in a URI?
If a URI does not explicitly specify the 'port', how is the port number determined?
If a URI does not explicitly specify the 'port', how is the port number determined?
What is the primary architectural principle that enables SOAP to support diverse communication patterns?
What is the primary architectural principle that enables SOAP to support diverse communication patterns?
In what format does SOAP encapsulate data for transmission?
In what format does SOAP encapsulate data for transmission?
A developer needs to send a complex object as part of a web service request. Which SOAP capability supports this requirement?
A developer needs to send a complex object as part of a web service request. Which SOAP capability supports this requirement?
What is a key difference between SOAP and REST in terms of message structure?
What is a key difference between SOAP and REST in terms of message structure?
Consider a scenario where a web service needs to receive both structured data and a complete PDF document within a single request. How could SOAP facilitate this?
Consider a scenario where a web service needs to receive both structured data and a complete PDF document within a single request. How could SOAP facilitate this?
What key benefit does the loose coupling between client-side and server-side code provide in a software architecture?
What key benefit does the loose coupling between client-side and server-side code provide in a software architecture?
In the context of client-server architecture, which of the following scenarios exemplifies the advantage of loose coupling?
In the context of client-server architecture, which of the following scenarios exemplifies the advantage of loose coupling?
Why is the ability to modify client-side code without impacting the server-side operation valuable in web application development?
Why is the ability to modify client-side code without impacting the server-side operation valuable in web application development?
What implication does loose coupling have on the scalability of a client-server application?
What implication does loose coupling have on the scalability of a client-server application?
Consider a scenario where a mobile app (client) interacts with a cloud service (server). Which approach would best leverage the benefits of loose coupling when updating the app's user interface?
Consider a scenario where a mobile app (client) interacts with a cloud service (server). Which approach would best leverage the benefits of loose coupling when updating the app's user interface?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Web Service Discovery
Web Service Discovery
Assists clients in finding web services and their access points.
Security Choreography
Security Choreography
Specifies the order of security steps between parties in web service exchange.
Define Security Choreography
Define Security Choreography
The sequence of interactions between parties to ensure secure web service communication.
What are the two components?
What are the two components?
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What does XML Schema do?
What does XML Schema do?
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What is a URL?
What is a URL?
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What does URN stand for?
What does URN stand for?
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What does URI stand for?
What does URI stand for?
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How is URL related to URI?
How is URL related to URI?
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SOAP Security
SOAP Security
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WSDL
WSDL
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WSDL Purpose
WSDL Purpose
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What does WSDL stand for?
What does WSDL stand for?
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Purpose of WSDL
Purpose of WSDL
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SOAP flexibility
SOAP flexibility
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SOAP message structure
SOAP message structure
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SOAP and RPC
SOAP and RPC
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SOAP document support
SOAP document support
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SOAP packaging
SOAP packaging
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Client-Side Independence
Client-Side Independence
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Server-Side Independence
Server-Side Independence
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Code Independence
Code Independence
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Risk Reduction
Risk Reduction
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Independent Evolution
Independent Evolution
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Addressability in REST
Addressability in REST
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URI meaning
URI meaning
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URI structure
URI structure
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URI scheme
URI scheme
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URI host field
URI host field
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
- Distributed Systems cover web services
Introduction
- A web service offers a service interface, allowing clients to interact with servers more generally than web browsers.
- Clients access web service operations via requests/replies formatted in XML, typically sent over HTTP.
- Users require secure methods to create, store, modify, and exchange documents online.
- TLS secure channels do not fulfill all necessary security needs.
- XML security aims to close security gaps.
- Web services give an infrastructure for richer, more structured client-server interoperability.
- Web services enable client programs in different organizations to interact without human supervision.
- External data representation and message marshalling between clients/web services use XML.
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) dictates XML usage rules for packaging messages for request-reply protocols.
- Web services are a main paradigm for distributed systems programming.
- They facilitate business-to-business integration
- They enable Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).
- Web services are adopted by the grid computing community, and exist internally or externally (in the cloud).
- Web Services began when Bill Gates introduced BizTalk in 1999, later renamed .NET.
- The vision to provide technologies enabling software in different locations and languages, on different platforms, to connect and interoperate.
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
- SOA is a design approach in distributed systems integrating loosely coupled, reusable services.
- These self-contained and modular services communicate over a network to perform specific tasks.
- SOA prioritizes interoperability, flexibility, and scalability, making it ideal for complex, distributed systems.
Key Concepts of SOA
- Services are fundamental in SOA, each encapsulating a specific business function such as payment processing.
- Services are independent and are developed, deployed, and maintained separately.
- Loose coupling allows services to interact through well-defined APIs.
- Changes to one service do not directly impact others, as long as the interface remains consistent.
- Interoperability enables services to communicate using standard protocols like HTTP, SOAP, REST, or messaging queues.
- Services written in different languages or running on different platforms can work together.
- Reusability means services are designed for use across multiple applications or systems.
- This reduces redundancy and promotes efficiency.
- Discoverability Services are often registered in a service registry/directory (e.g., UDDI).
- This allows components to dynamically find and use them.
- Abstraction hides the internal implementation of a service from consumers.
- Consumers only need to know the service's interface and functionality.
- Composability means services can be combined or orchestrated for complex workflows or business processes.
Components of SOA
- The Service Provider creates and exposes the service.
- The Service Provider implements the service logic and makes it available for consumption.
- The Service Consumer uses the service.
- The Service Consumer invokes the service by sending requests and receiving responses.
- The Service Registry is where services are published and discovered.
- The Service Registry acts as a central repository for service descriptions.
- The Service Contract defines the interface, communication protocols, and data formats to interact with the service.
- The Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is middleware that facilitates communication between services.
- The ESB Handles message routing, transformation, and mediation.
Communication Protocols in SOA
- SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is a protocol for exchanging structured information using XML.
- SOAP is often used in enterprise-level SOA implementations.
- REST (Representational State Transfer) is a lightweight, stateless architecture using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
- REST is commonly used in modern SOA implementations.
- Messaging Queues are used for asynchronous communication between services.
- RabbitMQ and Apache Kafka are examples of messaging queues.
- Two types (approaches): SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) Based Web Services
- Two types (approaches): REST style web services
SOAP-Based Web Services
- Include infrastructure and components like applications and directory or security services.
- Other components include web services, SOAP, URIs, XML, HTTP, SMTP.
- The application represents software providing or consuming web services, interacting via SOAP messages.
- The directory service acts as a web service repository with metadata, helping clients discover/locate available services and endpoints.
- Security choreography defines the sequence of security-related interactions between parties in web service communication, ensuring secure authentication, encryption, and data integrity during SOAP message exchange.
- WSDL (Web Services Description Language) is an XML-based language used to detail web service functionalities, operations, messages, and supported communication protocols.
- SOAP aids structured information exchange during web services implementation.
- SOAP Defines the XML message format and their exchange rules between applications.
- URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) identify web resources.
- URIs uniquely identify resources, with URNs being a subtype of URIs for persistent identification.
- XML structures data hierarchically and encodes SOAP message content in a machine-readable format.
- HTTP transfers data on the web and carries SOAP messages between clients/web services, often over the internet.
- SMTP sends/receives email messages and potentially transmits SOAP messages over email, less common than HTTP in web service communication.
- They provide service interfaces.
- Communicating using request and reply messages made of SOAP or some other XML document
- There is an Interface Definition Language (IDL) called WSDL (Web Service Definition Language)
- May be looked up in a web service UDDI registry
- UDDI is a Universal Directory and Discovery Service
- Languages are independent
- It may be synchronous or asynchronous
- In general, use either a synchronous request-reply pattern of communication or asynchronous messages.
- Allows for varied patterns via packaging of single one-way messages.
- SOAP holds RPC style parameters or entire documents and can be used over SMTP, TCP, UDP, or HTTP.
- Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) URLs
- Uniform Resource Locator URI's include location information, therefore resources pointed to by URL's are hard to move
- Uniform Resource Name URI's lack location information
- A uniform resource identifier (URI) could be a uniform resource locator (URL), uniform resource name (URN), or both.
- A 'travel agent service' combines other web services
- SOAP defines a scheme using XML to represent request and reply messages and communication of documents.
- The SOAP specification states, how XML should be use, rules of elements, and pattern combinations.
- SOAP's usual protocol is TCP.
- Each SOAP message is carried in an “envelope”
- The SOAP envelope contains an optional header along with a mandatory body
REST:
- REST (REpresentational State Transfer) is an architectural style that standardizes the way computer systems communicate over the web, making system integration easier.
- REST-compliant (RESTful) systems are stateless and separate client/server concerns.
- Statelessness ensures independence and self-containment in client-server requests, with the server not storing client data between requests.
- Separation of Client and Server enables independent implementation of the client and server.
- Code can be changed at any time.
- Scalability simplified by separating concerns.
REST Architectural Principles
- Consist of constraints:
- Client - Server
- Stateless
- Cache
- Uniform Interface
- Layered System
- Code-On-Demand (Optional)
- Principle: Addressability can be restricted to HTTP.
- Each HTTP request uses a URI.
- The format of a URI is scheme?//host:port/path?queryString#fragment
- The scheme may or may not be HTTP.
- The scheme may be FTP or HTTPS.
- The host field can be a DNS name or IP address.
- e.g. using HTTP implies port 80
- The path is a set of text segments delimited by the "/"
- The query String is a list of parameters represented as name=value pairs
- Each pair is delimited by an "&"
- The fragment shows a particular place in a document
- A space is represented with the '+' characters
- Other characters use % followed by two hex digits
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