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Questions and Answers
What is the key feature of the Wnt signaling pathway that allows it to elicit diverse cellular responses?
Which of the following Wnt signaling pathways is described as being 'canonical' in the text?
What is one of the important roles played by canonical Wnt signaling in eye development?
What is the key feature of Disheveled (DVL) proteins described in the text?
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What is the potential consequence of mis-regulation of the Wnt signaling cascade described in the text?
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What is the key feature of Wnt ligands mentioned in the text?
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What is the key role of DVL genes highlighted in the text?
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What is a key function of the Notch signaling pathway?
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What is the role of the FBXW7 protein in the Notch signaling pathway according to the text?
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What is an example of crosstalk between signaling pathways mentioned in the text?
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What is the key role of Fgf signaling in spinal cord development according to the text?
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What is the key function of PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase 7) in the Wnt signaling network according to the text?
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Study Notes
Wnt Signaling Pathway
- The Wnt pathway consists of a family of ligands with homology to wingless in Drosophila
- Wnts can bind to multiple receptor complexes, triggering various downstream signaling cascades, including canonical WNT/β-catenin, non-canonical WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP), and WNT/Ca2+ pathways
- Mis-regulation of the Wnt signaling cascade can lead to eye malformations and disease
Canonical Wnt Signaling in Eye Development
- Canonical Wnt signaling plays important roles in patterning of ocular tissue, differentiation of retinal pigment epithelium, and morphogenesis of the optic cup
Disheveled (DVL) Proteins
- Disheveled proteins are a group of core intracellular effectors of the Wnt pathway
- There are three DVL proteins in vertebrates, each with specific roles depending on tissue distribution and interactions
- Mutations in DVL genes can cause human congenital disease
PTK7 in Wnt Signaling
- PTK7 (protein tyrosine kinase 7) is a transmembrane receptor that fine-tunes the Wnt signaling network
- PTK7 regulates cell polarity, cell movements, and migration, which are essential for development and disease, particularly in cancer and metastasis
Notch Signaling Pathway
- Notch is a transmembrane protein that mediates juxtacrine cell-cell communication
- Notch has multiple functions in organ formation and adult homeostasis, including cell determination and stem cell maintenance
- Notch is involved in somitogenesis and regulation of the turnover of Notch intracellular domain (NICD)
Regulation of Signaling Pathways
- Signaling pathways require termination of activation and resetting of components to allow cells to become competent again
- Multiple mechanisms of regulation exist, including positive and negative feedback loops, to fine-tune signaling pathways
- Crosstalk between signaling pathways allows cells to respond differently to the same signal, producing diverse cellular behaviors
BMP Antagonist Noggin in Skeletal Development
- The BMP antagonist Noggin sensitizes cells and potentiates the activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling in skeletal development
- There is a genetic interaction between the BMP and Wnt pathways, involved in human congenital malformations
Fgf Signaling in Spinal Cord Development
- Fgf signaling plays multiple roles in the developing spinal cord
- Fgf signaling is involved in essential processes such as neurogenesis, ventral patterning, and neural crest specification during spinal cord formation
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Description
Explore the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in development by activating various downstream signaling cascades. Understand the canonical WNT/β-catenin dependent pathway, the non-canonical WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the WNT/Ca2+ pathway.
