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Questions and Answers
What is a significant advantage of multicast delivery over multiple unicast connections?
What is a significant advantage of multicast delivery over multiple unicast connections?
Which of the following is an example of a one-to-many multicast application?
Which of the following is an example of a one-to-many multicast application?
What type of multicast application includes teleconferencing as a primary feature?
What type of multicast application includes teleconferencing as a primary feature?
What is a critical aspect of multicast delivery addressed in current technological challenges?
What is a critical aspect of multicast delivery addressed in current technological challenges?
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Which of the following best describes a many-to-many multicast application?
Which of the following best describes a many-to-many multicast application?
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What is the typical bandwidth requirement for broadband multicast applications?
What is the typical bandwidth requirement for broadband multicast applications?
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Which of the following statements about current trends in multicast services is accurate?
Which of the following statements about current trends in multicast services is accurate?
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Which tier of a typical webcasting system is responsible for the data storage?
Which tier of a typical webcasting system is responsible for the data storage?
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What type of multicast application is represented by a streaming media player?
What type of multicast application is represented by a streaming media player?
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Which of the following is not considered a technological challenge for multicast delivery?
Which of the following is not considered a technological challenge for multicast delivery?
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What is a key drawback of using replicated unicasts for multimedia delivery?
What is a key drawback of using replicated unicasts for multimedia delivery?
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Which multicast method is considered the most efficient in terms of utilizing network resources?
Which multicast method is considered the most efficient in terms of utilizing network resources?
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What does the hybrid multicast method utilize for delivery?
What does the hybrid multicast method utilize for delivery?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of multicast group management?
Which of the following is NOT a function of multicast group management?
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What issue does reliable multicast specifically address?
What issue does reliable multicast specifically address?
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Which protocol is associated with the IETF's reliable multicast efforts?
Which protocol is associated with the IETF's reliable multicast efforts?
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What is a challenge associated with IP multicast's deployment in the commercial Internet?
What is a challenge associated with IP multicast's deployment in the commercial Internet?
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Which multicast routing protocol is NOT mentioned in the content?
Which multicast routing protocol is NOT mentioned in the content?
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What is a primary concern regarding QoS management in multicast?
What is a primary concern regarding QoS management in multicast?
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What does membership management involve in the context of multicast?
What does membership management involve in the context of multicast?
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Study Notes
Wireless Mobile & Multimedia Networking Lecture 5: Delivery of Multimedia Services
- Lecture by Dr Myasar Tabany, Senior Lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire's School of Physics Engineering and Computer Science (SPECS)
- Course code: 7COM1076
Characteristics of Multicast Services
- Group communications involve many receivers simultaneously
- Cooperation and interaction between users are crucial
- Multicast delivery optimizes network bandwidth usage compared to multiple unicast connections
- Technological challenges include reliable multicast, QoS management, and group management
Examples of Multicast Services
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One-to-many multicast:
- Includes Internet TV, webcasting, webcasting of broadband streaming media, remote education, and distribution of financial data such as stock tickers
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Many-to-many multicast:
- Examples include teleconferencing and whiteboards
- Current trend: commercial services primarily utilize one-to-many multicast, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) focus on the same
Multicast Applications
- Multicast applications are categorized as collaborative (teleconferencing), message streaming (streaming media players), and bulk data transfer (multicast file dissemination)
- Key characteristics of different application types include latency requirements (low, low/medium, not real time), reliability (semi-strict, semi-strict, strict), and scalability (<100, to millions, to millions)
Broadband Multimedia Services
- Broadband provides up to 1-2 Mbps per session, but consumes significant bandwidth
- Multimedia services often comprise audio/voice, video, and data
- Real-time and live broadcasting requires time-critical delivery
Webcasting of Broadband Multimedia
- A typical webcasting system includes an encoder (live), storage, stream servers (VOD and live), and an encoder (VOD) connected to web servers
- This system delivers video on-demand (VOD) and live broadcasts to users through the internet
- Example referenced: YouTube
Three Tier Client/Server Architecture
- Three-tier client/server architecture consists of presentation tier (clients), business logic tier (application servers), and data/resource tier (data storage)
- Application servers handle data requests between clients and the database
- This architecture is also known as Multi-Tier
Possible Delivery Schemes
- Replicated unicast: Uses separate TCP/IP unicast connections for each receiver and multiple unicast connections per session.
- Native IP multicast: Operates within multicast-enabled networks, utilizing multicast forwarding trees between multicast routers and IGMP between routers and hosts.
- Hybrid of unicast and multicast: Combines unicast from senders and relay servers across unicast networks with multicast from relay servers to recipients within multicast-enabled networks
Unicast Delivery for Multimedia
- Diagram displays unicast delivery traversing local networks and the internet using point-to-point connections between devices.
Multicast Delivery for Multimedia
- Diagram depicts multicast delivery within multicast-enabled local networks and internet
Hybrid Delivery of Unicast and Multicast
- Diagram illustrates a hybrid system combining unicast and multicast, with multicast-enabled networks and an internet backbone connecting local servers and content providers
Comparison of Delivery Schemes
- Replicated unicast is the current most common method, easy to employ but causes bandwidth consumption & congestion at the sender (content provider).
- IP multicast is ideal due to efficient network resource utilization, but complex technical challenges in full deployment, particularly with commercial internet solutions
- Hybrid unicast/multicast offers a realistic alternative for migrating to IP multicast whilst leveraging both, unicast & multicast.
Multicast Technologies for Multimedia
- Multicast group management includes application-level group management, session management, and membership management
- End-to-end multicast transport involves layer 4 multicast management, reliable multicast and quality of service (QoS) management using protocols such as ECTP, IETF RMT, and others;
- Multicast routing in networks uses layer 3 forwarding with multicast routing protocols like DVMRP, PIM, and CBT
- Diagram includes a table which summarizes the technologies by grouping them according to the layers present in a typical network structure;
End-to-End Multicast Transport
- Reliable multicast faces scalability challenges (error/congestion control)
- IETF RMT WG standards cover protocols like TRACK (tree-based ACK), ALC (asynchronous layered coding), and NORM (NACK-oriented reliable multicast)
- ITU-T Q.8/17 protocols, including ECTp (Enhanced Communication Transport Protocol) are part of the solution to reliable multicast transport
Group Management Protocol
- Session management includes session creation/enrollment and user registration/authentication
- Membership management involves monitoring member status, billing/charging models and active membership tracking
- Protocols like IETF SDP/SAP, SIP and ITU-T Q.8/17 GMP are relevant to these functions
Contact Information
- Email: [email protected]
- Office: LB218
- Tel: 01707286206
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Description
Explore the delivery of multimedia services in wireless mobile and multimedia networking. This lecture highlights the characteristics of multicast services, their advantages, and technological challenges. Examples of one-to-many and many-to-many multicast services will also be discussed in detail.
