Wi-Fi and Wireless Networks Chapter 30.1
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What is the primary purpose of a Wi-Fi network in Indian Railways?

  • To provide internet access to railway employees only
  • To establish a secure network for Railway Board meetings
  • To connect IP enabled devices like mobiles, Smart TV, etc. (correct)
  • To monitor CCTV cameras at railway stations

    • What is the frequency band used by Wi-Fi networks in public band?

  • 3.4 GHz and 6GHz
  • 1.8 GHz and 3.2GHz
  • 4.2 GHz and 7GHz
  • 2.4 GHz and 5GHz (correct)

    • What is the function of an access point (AP) in a Wi-Fi network?

  • To combine the functions of a Router, switch, and Wireless Radio (correct)
  • To manage wireless controllers in the LAN
  • To provide wired network connectivity
  • To connect multiple devices to the internet

    • Who provides Wi-Fi at Railway stations in Indian Railways?

    <p>Railtel and private agencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wireless controllers in a LAN?

    <p>To manage access points in the LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using Wi-Fi in connecting devices to a network?

    <p>It eliminates the need for cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the general purpose Enterprise Wide Area network of Indian Railways?

    <p>Railnet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can Wi-Fi access be established for other networks like FOIS?

    <p>If permitted by the Railway Board</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of users per access point in a typical office environment?

    <p>20-25 users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of encryption standard is recommended for Wi-Fi usage?

    <p>WPA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of wireless controllers in Wi-Fi networks?

    <p>To manage and control all access points centrally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of configuring access points as extended service sets?

    <p>To reduce interference and increase throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended security measure for Wi-Fi access points in office areas?

    <p>Use of WPA-2 security and handing over the security key to the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using wireless controllers in Wi-Fi networks?

    <p>They automatically adjust the RF band/power of access points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of upgrading the Wi-Fi system in office areas?

    <p>It ensures each user gets sufficient bandwidth for satisfactory use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using strong passwords for both the device admin and Wi-Fi access?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of wireless controllers in a WLAN?

    <p>To manage access points and reduce interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of wireless networks?

    <p>The number of devices connected to the access point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the strength and consistency of a wireless network's signal?

    <p>The environment in which the access point is operating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using access points with special antennas in a wireless network?

    <p>To enhance the capacity of radio link using MIMO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using wireless controllers in a WLAN?

    <p>To manage access points and reduce interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of relocating wireless networking hardware in a WLAN?

    <p>Minimized potential for interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of wireless networks in offices/residences?

    <p>It is a necessary access technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the distance from an access point and the signal strength in a WLAN?

    <p>The closer to the access point, the stronger the signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended power source for access points to ensure uninterrupted working?

    <p>Power over Ethernet (PoE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using the same SSID on all access points within a campus or building?

    <p>To enable smooth roaming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of authentication is used to authenticate users through a radius server?

    <p>IEEE 802.1x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is MAC binding configured in addition to WPA-2 security in temporary access points?

    <p>To provide an additional layer of security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended configuration for wireless controllers in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>Redundant wireless controllers for managing all access points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using WPA-2 access keys in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>To provide secure authentication for authorized users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of devices are used to extend Railnet connectivity to residences using fibre?

    <p>DSL modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended configuration for devices working as Wi-Fi access points in residences?

    <p>WPA-2 security with MAC binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method to diagnose faults in Wi-Fi equipment hardware?

    <p>Testing the equipment with standard instructions given by the manufacturer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining a dust-free environment for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>To increase the life of the equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to ensure the availability of electrical earth having a value within the limits as per standards?

    <p>To ensure uninterrupted power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of upgrading the software part like firmware of access point or managed equipment?

    <p>To fix the faults encountered depending on the type of fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking printouts of the configuration and documenting them?

    <p>To maintain a record of the Wi-Fi equipment configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of media or channel in Wi-Fi networks?

    <p>To connect to an access point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of scheduling regular maintenance for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>To ensure the equipment is kept clean and tidy without dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when selecting a UPS for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>The availability of local power supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended power source for access points to ensure uninterrupted working?

    <p>UPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of authentication is used to authenticate users through a radius server?

    <p>IEEE 802.1x MAC authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is MAC binding configured in addition to WPA-2 security in temporary access points?

    <p>To restrict access to authorized devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended configuration for devices working as Wi-Fi access points in residences?

    <p>WPA-2 encryption and MAC binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using wireless controllers in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>To manage access points centrally using NMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using access points with redundancy in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>Enhanced reliability in case of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended configuration for wireless controllers in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>Active-passive mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to ensure the availability of electrical earth having a value within the limits as per standards?

    <p>To ensure safe operation of Wi-Fi equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended security measure for Wi-Fi access points in personnel equipment?

    <p>Configuring WPA-2 security and handing over the security key to the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an access point in a Wi-Fi network, in addition to providing wireless connectivity?

    <p>It acts as a combination of Router, switch and Wireless Radio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of configuring access points as extended service sets?

    <p>To reduce interference and increase throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of users per access point in a typical office environment?

    <p>20-25 users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using wireless controllers in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>Simplified network management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wireless controllers in a Wi-Fi network?

    <p>To manage and control all access points centrally using NMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of configuring access points with strong passwords?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing faults in Wi-Fi equipment hardware?

    <p>Visual inspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended strategy for Wi-Fi access points in office areas?

    <p>Providing Wi-Fi as a service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining a dust-free environment for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>To prevent equipment failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using strong end-to-end encryption standards like WPA in Wi-Fi networks?

    <p>To increase security and prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of upgrading the Wi-Fi system in office areas?

    <p>To ensure each user gets sufficient bandwidth for satisfactory use of the facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when selecting a UPS for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>Power capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of scheduling regular maintenance for Wi-Fi equipment?

    <p>To prevent equipment failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of changing the default IP address and password of the access point?

    <p>To increase security and prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of taking printouts of the Wi-Fi equipment configuration and documenting them?

    <p>To simplify future troubleshooting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the data transfer speed of a wireless network when more devices are connected to an access point?

    <p>The data transfer speed decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect the strength and consistency of a wireless network's signal?

    <p>Environment in which the access point is operating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue with wireless networks?

    <p>Interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using access points with special antennas?

    <p>Enhanced capacity of radio link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the signal strength and connection speed as you move closer to an access point?

    <p>The signal strength increases and connection speed increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible solution to minimize interference in wireless networks?

    <p>Relocating wireless networking hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of wireless networks in offices and residences?

    <p>Shared network with variable speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do wireless networks have varying speeds?

    <p>Due to the environment in which the access point is operating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of storing a softcopy of the configuration files?

    <p>To reduce downtime in case of a failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice to ensure the security of the access point?

    <p>Protecting the cables from rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended measure to maintain the network more efficiently?

    <p>Training the staff and updating their knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done periodically to maintain network security?

    <p>Change the password</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended document to keep handy?

    <p>Operation and maintenance manual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the IP addressing scheme not be changed without permission?

    <p>It may require permission from the Network Administrator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to ensure the proper functioning of the network?

    <p>Do proper lacing of internal wiring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be done to clean the equipment?

    <p>Use water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Wi-Fi Introduction

    • A wireless network (WLAN) connects a group of computers/IP-enabled devices, augmenting Railnet to connect many devices supporting Wi-Fi wireless connectivity.
    • Wi-Fi network can be established as a part of Railnet, and is also provided by Railways at Railway stations through Railtel and other private agencies to extend internet to passengers.

    Technology

    • Wi-Fi networks operate using radio frequency (RF) technology, mostly at 2.4 GHz and 5GHz in public band.
    • An access point (AP) is used to provide a wireless network, connected to a wired network (Railnet) to provide Railnet/Internet services to its clients.
    • A wireless controller manages access points, controls RF power, and reduces interference in WLAN, providing advanced user management features.
    • Most devices come with built-in Wi-Fi feature, but an add-on adapter can be used if needed.

    Wi-Fi Characteristics

    • Wireless network is a shared network, and more computers connected to a wireless access point reduce data sent and received per device.
    • Signal strength and connection speed decrease with distance from the access point.
    • Range and speed of wireless networks depend on the environment in which the access point operates.
    • Interference is a major issue, especially indoors, and can be minimized by relocating wireless networking hardware or using access points with special antennas.

    Wi-Fi in Offices/Residences

    • Wi-Fi has become a necessary access technology in Enterprise LAN.
    • Security measures used for improved security include SSID hiding, Mac filtering, static IP addressing, strong passwords, and strong end-to-end encryption standards like WPA.
    • In offices, Wi-Fi access points can be provided as personnel equipment or as a service, with WPA-2 security configured and security key handed over to users.
    • Wi-Fi as a service in office areas should be provided through access points configured as extended service sets, with wireless controllers, and 20-25 users per access point.

    Fault Diagnosis

    • Hardware faults can be diagnosed through visual indications, login into the equipment, and standard instructions given by the manufacturer.
    • Software faults can be diagnosed by checking or upgrading firmware of access point/managed equipment.
    • Media/Channel faults can be diagnosed with testing facility given on the interface device or through measuring instruments.

    Installation/Environment

    • Equipment should be installed in a dust-free environment, with temperature within the room maintained as per the equipment manufacturer's data sheet.
    • Uninterrupted Power supply should be provided, with UPS capacity decided based on local power supply availability.
    • Electrical earth value should be within the limits as per standards.

    Maintenance Schedule

    • Equipment should be kept clean and tidy without dust.
    • Manufacturers' recommended checks should be done.

    Do’s and Don’ts

    • Take printouts of configuration and document them.
    • Follow manufacturers' recommended checks and maintenance schedules.

    Wi-Fi in Offices and Residences

    • Wi-Fi access points should be powered through UPS to ensure uninterrupted working.
    • It is recommended to power access points using PoE from the switch port.
    • The same SSID should be used on all access points within the same campus/building to ensure smooth roaming.
    • Access points should be configured to authenticate users using IEEE 802.1x MAC authentication through a radius server.
    • WPA-2 access keys should be configured and kept the same for all access points.
    • Wireless controllers should be planned in redundancy to ensure centralized management of access points in case of failure.

    Security Measures

    • Measures for improved security of networks using Wi-Fi include:
      • SSID hiding
      • Mac filtering
      • Static IP addressing
      • Strong passwords for device admin and WiFi access
      • Strong end-to-end encryption standards like WPA
      • Changing default IP address and password of the access point
    • In residences, devices working as Wi-Fi access points should be configured with WPA-2 security and the key should be made available to users.
    • MAC binding should also be configured, considering possible devices that may connect to the Wi-Fi access point in a residence.

    Wi-Fi Access in Offices

    • Wi-Fi access points can be provided as personnel equipment or as a service.
    • As a personnel access point, WPA-2 security shall be configured and the security key shall be handed over to the user.
    • For Wi-Fi as a service in office areas, access points should be configured as extended service sets whenever possible.
    • Wireless controllers should be provided in the network to manage and control all access points centrally using NMS.
    • The system should be upgraded to ensure each user gets sufficient bandwidth for satisfactory use of the facility provided.

    Technology

    • Wi-Fi networks operate using radio frequency (RF) technology in the free band mostly at 2.4 GHz and 5GHz in public band.
    • An access point is used for providing a wireless network, connected to the wired network (Railnet) to provide Railnet/Internet services to its clients.
    • Wireless controllers are used in the LAN to manage access points.

    Best Practices

    • Softcopy of configuration files should be stored each time the configuration is changed.
    • Cables connecting access points should be protected and secured from rodents.
    • Staff should be trained and updated to maintain the network more efficiently.
    • Passwords should be changed periodically.
    • Operation and maintenance manual should be kept handy.
    • Proper lacing of internal wiring should be done.

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    Chapter 30 Wi-Fi PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the introduction to Wi-Fi and wireless networks, their purpose, and their connection to Railnet.

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