Why Brain Metabolism Does Not Prefer Burning of Fatty Acids Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the malate shuttle in aerobic metabolism?

  • To synthesize creatine phosphate for energy storage.
  • To transport NADH from the cytosol to the mitochondria for use in the electron transport chain. (correct)
  • To convert pyruvate to lactate in anaerobic conditions.
  • To activate calcium signaling for muscle contraction.
  • During anaerobic exercise, what is the primary purpose of the glycerol phosphate shuttle?

  • To transport NADH from the cytosol to the mitochondria.
  • To regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the cytosol, enabling continued glycolysis. (correct)
  • To generate ATP through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • To convert glucose to glycogen for energy storage.
  • How does the TCA cycle contribute to energy production during aerobic metabolism?

  • It generates creatine phosphate for energy storage.
  • It activates calcium signaling to stimulate muscle contraction.
  • It oxidizes acetyl-CoA to produce NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the electron transport chain. (correct)
  • It breaks down glycogen to produce lactate for anaerobic energy.
  • What is the role of GTP in the mitochondrial matrix during aerobic metabolism?

    <p>GTP is produced during the TCA cycle and can be used to generate ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme contribute to energy production during anaerobic exercise?

    <p>It converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3-phosphate, allowing NADH to be oxidized to NAD+.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of elevated lactic acid production during excessive exercise?

    <p>Increased pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency is associated with the inability to convert pyruvate into lactate under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Pyruvate Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule plays a crucial role in increasing hemoglobin's affinity to oxygen and is altered by 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate levels?

    <p>1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with the production of ATP through the conversion of pyruvate and NADH to lactate under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Pyruvate Kinase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to a right shift in the Hemoglobin-Oxygen dissociation curve, allowing for better oxygen unloading at tissues?

    <p>Higher 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of a loss of Pyruvate Kinase in red blood cells during anaerobic metabolism?

    <p>Extravascular hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of creatine phosphate during exercise?

    <p>Creatine phosphate provides a rapid source of ATP for short, intense bursts of exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does calcium activation contribute to energy production during exercise?

    <p>Calcium stimulates glycogen breakdown, providing glucose for the TCA cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of pyruvate during anaerobic exercise?

    <p>Pyruvate is converted to lactate to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the TCA cycle respond to the increased energy demands of exercise?

    <p>The TCA cycle speeds up to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of anaerobic exercise?

    <p>Anaerobic exercise is limited by the buildup of lactic acid and the associated acidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body's energy metabolism change during the transition from short, intense exercise to prolonged, aerobic exercise?

    <p>The body shifts from anaerobic glycolysis to increased fatty acid oxidation in the TCA cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of malate in the response to ethanol metabolism?

    <p>Malate is used to generate NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the buildup of NADH during ethanol metabolism affect fatty acid breakdown?

    <p>The high NADH levels inhibit beta-oxidation of fatty acids, leading to their accumulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason that brain metabolism does not favor the burning of fatty acids for energy?

    <p>The brain's high energy demands require a faster energy source like glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the accumulation of fatty acids during ethanol metabolism contribute to the development of a fatty liver?

    <p>The high levels of fatty acids activate enzymes that promote the synthesis of more fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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