Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is structural social capital primarily concerned with?
What is structural social capital primarily concerned with?
Which two authors are mentioned as having influential ideas on social capital?
Which two authors are mentioned as having influential ideas on social capital?
Cognitive social capital primarily includes which of the following aspects?
Cognitive social capital primarily includes which of the following aspects?
According to Lochner et al. (1999), social capital should be viewed from which perspective?
According to Lochner et al. (1999), social capital should be viewed from which perspective?
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What are the two new constructs of social capital developed by Harpham et al. (2002)?
What are the two new constructs of social capital developed by Harpham et al. (2002)?
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What is the impact of social exclusion on individuals?
What is the impact of social exclusion on individuals?
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How does workplace stress affect health?
How does workplace stress affect health?
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What contributes to the mental health problems related to unemployment?
What contributes to the mental health problems related to unemployment?
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Which of the following is a benefit of strong social support?
Which of the following is a benefit of strong social support?
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What is a potential consequence of addiction?
What is a potential consequence of addiction?
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Why is a good diet important for health?
Why is a good diet important for health?
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What are the health benefits of using public transportation?
What are the health benefits of using public transportation?
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What is indicated by the relationship between job control and health?
What is indicated by the relationship between job control and health?
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What is a significant factor contributing to the prevalence of non-communicable diseases?
What is a significant factor contributing to the prevalence of non-communicable diseases?
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Which behavior is a primary risk factor for the majority of HIV cases?
Which behavior is a primary risk factor for the majority of HIV cases?
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What term describes the connection between behaviours and health outcomes?
What term describes the connection between behaviours and health outcomes?
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Which of the following disciplines is not necessary for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding human behaviour?
Which of the following disciplines is not necessary for an interdisciplinary approach to understanding human behaviour?
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Which of the following is a method that helps in behavioural change?
Which of the following is a method that helps in behavioural change?
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What factors can affect the outcomes and progression of diabetes mellitus?
What factors can affect the outcomes and progression of diabetes mellitus?
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Which behaviour is specifically mentioned as important for self-care in diabetes management?
Which behaviour is specifically mentioned as important for self-care in diabetes management?
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What aspect of health behaviours is highlighted as complicated?
What aspect of health behaviours is highlighted as complicated?
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What is the primary focus of the work by Bayer (1981)?
What is the primary focus of the work by Bayer (1981)?
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Which concept is addressed in Jennings' work from 1986?
Which concept is addressed in Jennings' work from 1986?
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What is highlighted in the research conducted by Wilman, Marklund & Alexanderson (2005)?
What is highlighted in the research conducted by Wilman, Marklund & Alexanderson (2005)?
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Which aspect does the work by Leventhal, Meyer, & Nerenz (1980) primarily address?
Which aspect does the work by Leventhal, Meyer, & Nerenz (1980) primarily address?
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What is the main contribution of Kleinman's work (1980)?
What is the main contribution of Kleinman's work (1980)?
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What is considered a key framework for understanding health disparities?
What is considered a key framework for understanding health disparities?
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Which term describes the networks and norms that facilitate collective action within a community?
Which term describes the networks and norms that facilitate collective action within a community?
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Which of the following frameworks does NOT fit under the category of multi-level determinants of health?
Which of the following frameworks does NOT fit under the category of multi-level determinants of health?
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Which of the following references discusses public perceptions of mental illness?
Which of the following references discusses public perceptions of mental illness?
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Which factor is typically NOT included in the WHO's understanding of social determinants of health?
Which factor is typically NOT included in the WHO's understanding of social determinants of health?
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What is one consequence of the medicalization of social behaviors?
What is one consequence of the medicalization of social behaviors?
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What do individual lifestyle factors include in the context of health?
What do individual lifestyle factors include in the context of health?
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Which concept highlights the connection between a person's relationships and their health outcomes?
Which concept highlights the connection between a person's relationships and their health outcomes?
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Study Notes
WHO Social Determinants of Health
- Social exclusion stems from poverty, racism, discrimination, stigmatization, hostility, and unemployment, hindering participation in education, training, services, and civic activities.
- Workplace stress increases disease risk; greater work control is associated with better health.
- Job insecurity raises the risk of mental health issues (anxiety, depression), self-reported illness, and heart disease; poor job quality can be as detrimental as unemployment.
- Strong social support networks (friendships, relationships) improve health across various settings (home, work, community).
- Addiction (alcohol, substances) is a coping mechanism for difficult circumstances, leading to downward social mobility.
- Adequate nutrition is crucial for health and well-being.
- Active transportation methods (cycling, walking, public transit) offer health benefits (exercise, accident reduction, social interaction, reduced air pollution).
Importance of Health Behaviors
- Unhealthy behaviors drive the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases (over half and rising). Behavioral diseases, such as addictions and internet gaming disorder, are significant.
- Behaviors are major factors in infectious diseases; for example, HIV transmission is largely due to risky behaviors (unprotected sex, injecting drug use) and emerging infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) prevention and control rely heavily on behaviors (vaccine hesitancy, mask-wearing, physical distancing).
- New technologies (ChatGPT, chatbots, AI) offer novel approaches to behavioral change.
Human Behavior & Interdisciplinary Approaches
- Human behavior is complex.
- Interdisciplinary approaches (psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, IT) are necessary for understanding and modifying behavior.
- Working with vulnerable populations requires attention to equity.
Behavioral Health
- Behavioral health encompasses the link between behavior and individual well-being.
- It emphasizes the interplay of biomedical, behavioral, psychosocial/cultural factors, and health outcomes.
- Diabetes mellitus, for instance, is affected by behaviors (testing, self-care, diet, treatment adherence, physical activity), cultural/psychological factors (mental health, perceptions), and biomedical factors (medication, comorbidities).
- An interdisciplinary approach is necessary; behavioral health complements various other disciplines.
Social Capital
- Coleman (1988) and Putnam (1993) defined social capital as trust, norms, and networks.
- Lochner et al. (1999) offer a more ecological perspective, viewing it as a social structural factor (not individual) excluding networks and support, instead focusing on psychological sense of community, collective efficacy, neighborhood cohesion, and community competence.
- Harpham et al. (2002) introduced structural (network extent and intensity) and cognitive (support, trust, sharing, reciprocity) social capital.
Structural and Cognitive Social Capital
- Structural social capital focuses on the breadth and strength of social networks, including collective action, cohesion, and community strength.
- Cognitive social capital emphasizes support, trust, sharing, and reciprocity within those networks.
Major References
- A list of references including journals and organizations is provided but not included in this summary.
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Description
This quiz explores the social determinants of health as outlined by the WHO. Topics include the impact of social exclusion, workplace stress, job insecurity, and the significance of social support. Understand how these factors collectively influence health outcomes and community well-being.
