WHO Health System Framework Quiz

The WHO Health System Framework outlines system building blocks crucial for a robust health system
These blocks include Service Delivery, Access, Quality, Safety, and Leadership/Governance, among others
Each block is interconnected and contributes to overall health outcomes, including improved health status, responsiveness, and financial risk protection

Service Delivery involves organizing and managing inputs and services to ensure consistent access, quality, safety, and continuity of care.
It considers effective, safe care to those in need, minimizing waste, and encompassing prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Delivery can be at home, community, workplace, or health facilities.

Individual-Based (Personal) Health Services: Services for individual patients within a health facility or remotely (e.g., telemedicine); have a limited impact on populations. Examples include ambulatory and inpatient care, medicines, laboratory tests, and diagnostic procedures.
Population-Based (Non-personal) Health Services: Interventions that affect populations, not individual patients. Examples are health promotion, disease surveillance, vector control, and programs related to water quality and sanitation.

The health workforce comprises people whose primary goal is to protect and improve health. Includes service providers, health management, and support staff.
Variation in level, skill, and gender mix in the health workforce exists.
Workforce density and service coverage positively correlate with health outcomes.

Well-performing health workforces have sufficient, competently, and productively distributed staff.
Improve workforce distribution through addressing workforce entry and exit.
Implementing strategies like training program design, finance, and scaling up education programs to increase and organize health workers, leading to effective service delivery.
Retaining workforce should also be explored through dynamic local and international markets.

National HRH Master Plan components include production, regulation, recruitment, retraining, retention, and reassessment.
Number of HRH renewing professional licenses (PRC) in 2020 shows 861,891, but only 189,204 (28%) are registered in the National Database.
Remaining 671,687 (72%) have unspecified practice.

Strategic use of information, intelligence, and research is crucial for health and health systems.
Development of health information systems, tools, instruments, and the collation of international health statistics.
Effective response to epidemics and other public health emergencies are critical aspects.

Reliable and timely health information is important to decision-makers at all levels of the health system.
Includes health determinants, health systems performance, and health status information.

Equitable access to crucial medical products, vaccines, and technologies with assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
Ensuring proper, scientifically informed and cost-effective usage is essential.

National policies, standards, and international trade agreements affect prices.
Manufacturing, practice quality assessment for priority products; procurement, supply, storage, and distribution are important.

Raising adequate funds for health, ensuring service access for people amid financial hardship from catastrophe or impoverishment is critical.
Funds can provide sustainable support.

Functions: Raising revenues, pooling resources, and purchasing essential services efficiently.
Objectives: Raising sufficient funds, equitably sharing resources, and enhancing consumer satisfaction

Additional funding, reduction in out-of-pocket payments, and enhanced social protection, alongside improved resource use efficiency, greater transparency, and accountability are vital for a healthy system.
Major sources of health financing in the Philippines include government (general taxes, Sin taxes), local government, Social Health Insurance (NHIP), and private entities.
Percent share of various health financing schemes to the total expenditure varies from year to year.

Stewardship, the most complex but crucial aspect of effective health systems, involves overseeing the whole system—both public and private—to prioritize the public interest.
This involves the government's role in health, its relations with other actors whose health impacts are influential.

Policy guidance, intelligence, collaboration, and building coalitions, regulation, system design, and accountability.

Important entities or actors include the Department of Health, the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, the DILG/Local Government, CHED/Higher Education institutions, and the private sector, among others.

Sustained and equitable improvements in health system performance are central to improving health services and outcomes.
Understanding trends and indicators, which can identify changes in health service utilization, will help track health system performance.
Guiding resource allocation to areas of greatest need is essential for development.