WHMIS and Lab Safety Guidelines
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WHMIS and Lab Safety Guidelines

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between a concentrated solution and a dilute solution?

  • A concentrated solution has a higher amount of solvent than solute.
  • A concentrated solution has a larger amount of solute in a given volume of solvent. (correct)
  • A dilute solution has more solute than a concentrated solution.
  • A concentrated solution can dissolve more solute than a dilute solution.

    • Which of the following best represents a saturated solution?

  • A solution where the solute is completely undissolved.
  • A solution that can dissolve solute at any temperature.
  • A solution where more solute can still be added and dissolved.
  • A solution where no more solute can dissolve in the current amount of solvent. (correct)

    • What is meant by solubility?

  • The amount of solvent present in a solution.
  • The total mass of solute that remains undissolved.
  • A measure of how concentrated a solution can become. (correct)
  • The ability of a solute to dissolve in any solvent.

    • What role does water play in solutions?

    <p>It is often referred to as the universal solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the solubility of a substance?

    <p>Color of the solute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the solubility of most solids and liquids when the temperature of the solvent increases?

    <p>Solubility increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the characteristic behavior of gas solubility with temperature changes?

    <p>Gas solubility decreases with temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does thermal pollution have on oxygen levels in water?

    <p>Warmer water leads to lower oxygen levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stirring affect the rate of dissolving?

    <p>Stirring increases the likelihood of particle interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the particle model of matter, how are the particles in a gas described?

    <p>They are far apart with high kinetic energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of matter?

    <p>Pure substances and mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mixture contains particles that remain suspended and do not separate easily?

    <p>Colloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process can be used to differentiate between pure substances and solutions?

    <p>Chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluids used in pneumatic systems typically rely on which element for their function?

    <p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of homogeneous mixtures?

    <p>Evenly distributed particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of mechanical mixtures?

    <p>All parts are visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a suspension?

    <p>A mixture with visible particles that settle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does WHMIS stand for in a school context?

    <p>Workplace Hazardous Material Information Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following responsibilities is NOT required of students regarding lab safety?

    <p>Use any chemicals found without guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When working with chemicals, which action is explicitly prohibited?

    <p>Eating in the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a fluid in scientific terms?

    <p>A substance that flows and has no fixed shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which safety rule emphasizes the importance of understanding lab procedures?

    <p>Rule 1: Read the lab procedure carefully</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to lab safety rules, what should be done with lab waste?

    <p>Dispose of it according to the teacher's instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of fluids?

    <p>They make it easier to transport and process materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure if a student encounters a safety issue in the lab?

    <p>Notify the teacher immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    WHMIS and Lab Safety

    • WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
    • All chemicals stored in schools have a workplace label and an SDS or MSDS available.
    • Household products should be stored in their original containers.
    • Chemicals placed in smaller containers for student use are labelled.
    • Chemicals placed temporarily in a container should be labeled by whoever placed them there.
    • Read and follow all safety precautions found in lab instructions, given by the teacher, or included on the label.
    • Know the WHMIS label and ask questions when things are unclear.
    • Notify the teacher immediately of any accidents or safety issues.

    Top Safety Rules

    • Always read the lab procedure carefully before starting any activity.
    • Know the location of science safety equipment.
    • Wear safety goggles and other protective equipment as directed in the lab.
    • Report lab accidents, broken equipment, and injuries to the teacher immediately.
    • Never taste, touch, or smell a chemical unless specifically instructed to do so by the teacher.
    • Dress appropriately for safety. Tie back long hair and do not wear loose clothing in the lab.
    • Never eat or drink in the laboratory.
    • Never fool around in the laboratory.
    • Dispose of lab waste per the teacher's instructions. Do not leave a mess for somebody else to clean up.

    Properties and Uses of Fluids

    • Fluids are substances with no fixed shape that flow from one place to another.
    • Fluids include substances in two states of matter: liquids and gases.
    • Solids sometimes seem to flow but are actually just lots of small particles.
    • Fluids make it easier to transport, process, and use a variety of materials.
    • Fluids can be used as lubricants to minimize friction.
    • Some fluids can be compressed to move things like in air tools. This is called pneumatic (air) or hydraulic (water or oil system).
    • Slurries are mixtures of water (or other fluids) with a solid to help transport solids. Examples of slurries include paint, asphalt, plastics, and gas.

    Pure Substances and Mixtures

    • Matter is anything with mass that takes up space. It includes solids, liquids, and gases.
    • Pure substances contain all of the same particle type.
    • Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Examples include hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon.
    • Compounds are pure substances made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Examples include water, CO2, and NaCl.
    • Mixtures are two or more substances combined together. They are different particles that aren’t bonded together and can be separated into their distinct components.
    • Homogenous mixtures look like one substance but contain two or more substances. These can be called solutions. Examples include coffee, cement, and glue.
    • Heterogenous mixtures easily show that there are two or more substances in the mixture. Particles are not evenly distributed.
    • Mechanical Mixtures are heterogeneous mixtures where all parts of the mixture are visible.
    • Suspensions are cloudy mixtures where residues of one substance are floating in another substance. The substance will separate if left still. Examples include blood and orange juice with pulp.
    • Colloids are cloudy mixtures where residues are so small they do not separate easily.

    Concentration and Solubility

    • Solutions are made from dissolving two substances together.
    • The solute is the substance that is dissolved (found in a lesser quantity).
    • The solvent is the substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
    • Water is often called the universal solvent because it dissolves so many materials.
    • Concentration tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
    • A concentrated solution has a large amount of solute in the solvent.
    • A dilute solution has a small amount of solute in the solvent.
    • The volume of solvent must be the same for both solutions.
    • You can use equivalent ratios to help convert concentrations. Find a common denominator.
    • Soluble means able to dissolve in a particular solvent.
    • Insoluble means not able to dissolve in a particular solvent.
    • A saturated solution is a solution where no more solute will dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
    • An unsaturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve at a specific temperature.
    • Solubility is how concentrated a solution can become. It’s a useful tool to compare how different solutes dissolve in a certain solvent.

    Factors Affecting Solubility

    • Three factors affect solubility: type of solute, type of solvent, and temperature.
    • An aqueous solution has water as the solvent.
    • Most common liquids and solids increase in solubility when the solvent temperature increases.
    • In gases, the reverse is true: as temperature increases, the solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent decreases.
    • This is why warm pop is less fizzy than cold pop.
    • Thermal pollution is an environmental effect of the solubility factor. Warm water (from industrial processes) poured directly back into the lake or river can lead to less oxygen in the water.

    Particle Model of Matter

    • Everything is made of particles.
    • Particles in solids are tightly packed together, cannot move around freely, and have the lowest amount of kinetic energy.
    • Particles in liquids slide around each other, fill a container and take the shape of that container.
    • Particles in gases have an enormous amount of empty space between them, have the most kinetic energy, and fill the entire container they are in.
    • When mixing two substances together, smaller particles are able to fit in between the larger ones.
    • The solute particles are attracted more to the solvent particles than they are to themselves.
    • A mechanical mixture occurs when one substance is more strongly attracted to itself than to the other.

    Factors that Affect the Rate of Dissolving

    • Factors that affect the rate of dissolving include temperature, pressure, amount of stirring (agitation), and surface area of solute accessible.
    • Stirring causes particles to interact more.
    • Increased surface area means solute particles are more exposed to being pulled away by solvent particles.
    • Temperature increases the movement of the solute and solvent particles.
    • Pressure helps dissolve substances faster.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) and essential lab safety rules. This quiz covers the proper handling and storage of chemicals, safety equipment, and protocols to follow in case of accidents. Ensure you understand the importance of labels, instructions, and preventive measures in the laboratory environment.

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