Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the minimum percentage of straight whiskey required in a blended whiskey?
What is the minimum percentage of straight whiskey required in a blended whiskey?
What is the term for the floral/fruity flavor compounds found in oak?
What is the term for the floral/fruity flavor compounds found in oak?
What is the maximum ABV for distillation of bourbon?
What is the maximum ABV for distillation of bourbon?
What is the purpose of the beer still in whiskey making?
What is the purpose of the beer still in whiskey making?
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What is the volume of whiskey lost during the aging process called?
What is the volume of whiskey lost during the aging process called?
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What is the term for the container used in whiskey making?
What is the term for the container used in whiskey making?
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What is the minimum bottling strength for bourbon?
What is the minimum bottling strength for bourbon?
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What is the purpose of charring the barrel in whiskey making?
What is the purpose of charring the barrel in whiskey making?
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What is the primary purpose of a Coffey still?
What is the primary purpose of a Coffey still?
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What is the term for the leftover grains from fermentation and distilling?
What is the term for the leftover grains from fermentation and distilling?
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What is the purpose of a doubler in bourbon distillation?
What is the purpose of a doubler in bourbon distillation?
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What is the term for the process of germinating grain to convert starches to sugars?
What is the term for the process of germinating grain to convert starches to sugars?
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What is the term for the 'recipe' of American whiskeys?
What is the term for the 'recipe' of American whiskeys?
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What is the purpose of the lyne arm in a pot still?
What is the purpose of the lyne arm in a pot still?
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What is the term for the blending of barrels of whiskey to create a harmonious whole?
What is the term for the blending of barrels of whiskey to create a harmonious whole?
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What is the term for high-proof spirit distilled using a column/Coffey still?
What is the term for high-proof spirit distilled using a column/Coffey still?
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What is the term for the aromatic chemical compound derived from aldehydes?
What is the term for the aromatic chemical compound derived from aldehydes?
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What is the term for the final runnings from a pot still distillation?
What is the term for the final runnings from a pot still distillation?
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What is the term for unaged spirit, right off final distillation?
What is the term for unaged spirit, right off final distillation?
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What is the process of adding the soured, spent grains and liquid from previous distillation to the newly mashed beer at the start of fermentation?
What is the process of adding the soured, spent grains and liquid from previous distillation to the newly mashed beer at the start of fermentation?
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What type of still is used for the first distillation in making Scotch whiskey?
What type of still is used for the first distillation in making Scotch whiskey?
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What is the term for the runoff from mashed and covered malt in Scotch whiskey?
What is the term for the runoff from mashed and covered malt in Scotch whiskey?
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What is the term for whiskey made from 100% malted barley, in pot stills, from one distillery?
What is the term for whiskey made from 100% malted barley, in pot stills, from one distillery?
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What is the term for partially carbonized vegetation that has slowly rotted and compressed in bogs and swamps over centuries and millennia?
What is the term for partially carbonized vegetation that has slowly rotted and compressed in bogs and swamps over centuries and millennia?
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What is the process of filtering whiskey through 10 feet of sugar maple charcoal, a step known as the Lincoln County process?
What is the process of filtering whiskey through 10 feet of sugar maple charcoal, a step known as the Lincoln County process?
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What is the term for the first fill barrels that are emptied and refilled?
What is the term for the first fill barrels that are emptied and refilled?
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What is the term for a fortified wine from Spain, used to age whiskey?
What is the term for a fortified wine from Spain, used to age whiskey?
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What is the term for the leftover grains and liquid after column distillation, used for the sour mash process?
What is the term for the leftover grains and liquid after column distillation, used for the sour mash process?
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Study Notes
Whiskey Terms
- ABV (Alcohol by Volume) is the percentage of alcohol in a spirit, doubled to yield the "proof of spirit".
- Aldehydes are aromatic compounds found in oak, contributing to a floral/fruity flavor.
- Angel's Share is the volume of whiskey lost during aging due to evaporation through the barrel.
Whiskey Production
- Barley is a grain used in brewing and distilling, with abundant enzymes for converting starches into sugars.
- Beer is the fermented, undistilled liquid that is the first step in making whiskey.
- Beer Still is a single column still used for first distillation in making modern bourbon and rye whiskey.
- Blended Whiskey is a blend of straight whiskey and grain neutral spirits, with at least 20% straight whiskey.
Whiskey Types
- Bourbon is American whiskey made from at least 51% corn, malt, and either rye or wheat, distilled to a max of 80% ABV and aged in new charred oak barrels.
- Corn Whiskey is whiskey made from a large proportion of corn, often aged for a short period in uncharred/used oak barrels.
- Grain Whiskey is whiskey distilled to a very high proof using a column/Coffey still and aged in oak barrels for blending.
Distillation
- Distillation is the extraction and concentration of alcohol from a fermented grain liquid using controlled heat.
- Cuts are the points in pot still distillation where the stream of spirits is diverted to get the maximum amount of clean spirit.
- Doubler is a simple pot still used to polish the spirit from the beer still.
- Extractive Distillation is a technique used by some Canadian distillers to add water to high-proof spirit to float unwanted compounds off the top, leaving a pure spirit.
Aging and Maturation
- Barrel is a container built from curved oak staves, usually charred, that imports flavor and color to the spirit through chemical changes from contact with the wood and slow evaporation.
- Char is the thin layer of burnt wood on the inside of a barrel, required for bourbon and other American whiskeys.
- Cask is a generic term for barrel, often used in Scotland and Ireland.
- First Fill is when barrels previously used for aging bourbon/wines are used for aging whiskey, yielding a whiskey with more character of the younger wood and previous liquid.
Whiskey Terminology
- Cooper is a person who makes, repairs, or resizes barrels.
- Draft is the leftover grains from the fermentation and distilling process, often used for cattle feed or biogas generation.
- Dry House is where the spent grains from American-style mashing distillation go to be dried and processed for animal feed.
- Ester is an aromatic chemical compound derived from aldehydes, yielding fruit, spicy, or smoky aromas.
- Flavoring Whiskey is the lower-proof, higher-flavor component of Canadian whiskey.
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Description
Test your knowledge of whiskey terminology, including ABV, aldehydes, angel's share, and more. Learn about the different components that make up whiskey and how they affect the final product.
