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Questions and Answers
What is the main reason for water's ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances?
What is the main reason for water's ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances?
What is the term for the reaction where chemical bonds are cleaved when water is added?
What is the term for the reaction where chemical bonds are cleaved when water is added?
What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
What is the term for the ability of water to act as both an acid and a base?
What is the term for the ability of water to act as both an acid and a base?
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What is the process by which water moves from the roots to the leaves of a plant?
What is the process by which water moves from the roots to the leaves of a plant?
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Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
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What is the term for reactions where the oxidative state of the elements of compounds has changed?
What is the term for reactions where the oxidative state of the elements of compounds has changed?
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What is the percentage of water in the human body?
What is the percentage of water in the human body?
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What is the process by which the body cools off when it is hot?
What is the process by which the body cools off when it is hot?
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What is the term for the attractive forces between water molecules?
What is the term for the attractive forces between water molecules?
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Study Notes
Composition of Water
- Water is chemically known as dihydrogen monoxide (H2O) with two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- The chemical formula for water is derived from its chemical structure.
- Other names for water include oxidane, hydrogen hydroxide (H-OH), dihydrogen oxide, hydric acid, hydrohydroxic acid, and its CAS registry number is 7732-18-5.
Structure of Water Molecule
- Each hydrogen atom shares a single electron pair with the oxygen atom, forming a covalent bond.
- The oxygen atom has two free electron pairs that repel each other, causing the bonding pair (H-O) to push closer to each other, resulting in a bond angle of 104.5°.
- Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, resulting in unequal distribution of electrons and making water a polar compound.
Physical Properties of Water
- Water has a high cohesion due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, resulting in strong intermolecular forces.
- Hydrogen bonds contribute to water's high boiling point and surface tension.
- Viscosity is the measure of fluid friction relative to its internal resistance to flow, and water has a low viscosity.
Heat Capacity of Water
- The heat capacity of water is 4180 J/kg°C, meaning it requires a significant amount of energy to increase the temperature of water by 1 degree.
- This property is related to the hydrogen bonding, requiring energy to break these bonds.
Density of Water
- Water can exist in all three phases: liquid, solid, and gas.
- The density of water decreases as the temperature decreases, and it is solid at 0°C with a lower density than liquid water.
Polarity and Solvent Properties
- Water is considered a universal solvent due to its polarity, allowing it to dissolve a wide range of substances.
- Water's polarity is attributed to its unequal distribution of electrons, resulting in a partially negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partially positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
Chemical Properties of Water
- Water is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base.
- Water can act as an oxidizing agent in oxidation-reduction reactions and as a reducing agent in other reactions.
- Hydrolysis is a reaction where chemical bonds are cleaved when water is added.
Significance of Water's Unique Properties
- The unique properties of water make life on earth and within biological specimens possible.
- Water's temperature regulation in the human body is crucial for maintaining a stable body temperature.
- The properties of water help understand the water cycle, including capillary action in plants and the floating of ice on water.
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Description
This quiz analyzes the composition of water, chemically known as dihydrogen monoxide, and breaks down its components. Learn about the essential fluid for human survival.
