What is a Computer Flashcards

Computer Fundamentals

• A computer is an electronic device that manipulates data.
• Computers can store, retrieve, and process data.

Hardware vs. Software

• Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the monitor and keyboard.
• Software consists of instructions that guide hardware operation, enabling task execution.

Examples of Software

• Common software includes web browsers, games, and Microsoft Word.

Historical Computer

• The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was the first electronic computer.

Uses of a Computer

• Computers can type documents, send emails, browse the internet, handle spreadsheets, manage databases, create presentations, and play games.

Types of Computers

• Main types include desktops and laptops.

Desktop Computer Characteristics

• Desktops vary in size, typically remain on desks, and are easier to upgrade.
• Generally, desktops are more cost-effective than laptops with similar specifications.

Laptop Computer Characteristics

• Laptops are portable and can use battery or AC power, allowing usage in various locations.
• Upgrades are limited compared to desktops, though RAM and hard drives are often replaceable.

Other Types of Computers

• Servers provide information to other networked computers.
• Tablet computers feature touch-sensitive screens for navigation.
• Smartphones perform many computing tasks like internet browsing and gaming.
• Game consoles specialize in video gaming, while modern TVs can run applications for online content.

Power Supply and Cooling

• The power supply provides electrical power to the motherboard, drives, and expansion cards, often containing a cooling fan.
• A case fan is essential for maintaining appropriate temperatures, preventing heat buildup.

Key Computer Components

• The microprocessor (CPU) acts as the brain of the computer.
• The chipset guides data flow on the motherboard.
• Memory modules store temporary data for quick access, enhancing speed.

Drive Bays and Storage

• Drive bays house optical drives (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM) that read and write data.
• The motherboard integrates components through electrical connections known as buses, influencing operational speed.

System Firmware

• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is utilized for setting up hardware components in a computer.