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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the name of the green pigment found in chloroplasts?
What is the name of the organelles involved in food creation and storage?
What is the term for the stacks of thylakoids found in chloroplasts?
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What is the term for undifferentiated plastids that could mature into different types of plastids?
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What is the function of chromoplasts?
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What is the result of chloroplasts being present in the mesophyll of plant leaves?
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What is the main function of the chloroplast?
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What is the fluid that surrounds the thylakoids within the inner membrane?
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What is the name of the channels that connect the grana to each other?
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Where does the light-dependent step of photosynthesis take place?
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What is the shape of a typical chloroplast?
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What is the purpose of the stroma in chloroplasts?
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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
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What is unique about the shape of algal chloroplasts?
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Study Notes
What is a Chloroplast?
- A chloroplast is an organelle in plant cells responsible for producing energy through photosynthesis.
- It is a type of plastid, involved in food creation and storage.
Chloroplast Structure
- Chloroplasts have a double membrane structure.
- They contain stacks of thylakoids called grana.
- The stroma is the aqueous fluid surrounding the thylakoids, containing chloroplast DNA, ribosomes, and proteins and starches.
- Thylakoids are small discs containing lumen (aqueous fluid) and chlorophyll.
- Stroma lamellae are channels connecting grana to each other, allowing for broader light capture.
Chloroplast Function
- Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into cellular energy (ATP) for the plant or algae.
- They produce sugar and oxygen through photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, light, and water.
Photosynthesis Process
- Light-dependent steps occur in the lumen and membrane of the thylakoid system.
- Light-independent steps occur in the stroma.
- Chlorophyll in the grana catches sunlight, allowing photophosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP and NADPH.
- ATP and NADPH are used in the stroma to turn carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen.
Chloroplasts in Algae
- Algal chloroplasts vary in size and shape, depending on the type of algae and cell location.
- They can be lens-shaped, cup-shaped, helical, star-shaped, plate-like, or other shapes.
- The number and size of chloroplasts in a cell vary, but all are green due to chlorophyll.
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Description
Learn about chloroplasts, organelles in plant cells that produce energy, and their role in creating ATP for cellular energy.
