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树是一种 分层 数据结构,由 节点 组成,其中每个 节点 都有一个 值 和零个或多个 子 节点。

层级

二叉树 是每个 节点 最多有两个 子 节点 的树。

树操作包括 遍历、插入 和 删除。

查找

栈是一种线性数据结构,遵循 _______ 原则。

<p>后进先出</p> Signup and view all the answers

栈的操作包括 _______、弹出 和 查看。

<p>压入</p> Signup and view all the answers

在树中,叶 节点 是没有 子 节点 的 节点。

<p>儿</p> Signup and view all the answers

树的术语包括 根 节点、子 节点、父 节点 和 _______ 节点。

<p>兄弟</p> Signup and view all the answers

栈的属性包括 _______ 和 先进后出。

<p>后进先出</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Trees

Definition

  • A tree is a hierarchical data structure consisting of nodes, where each node has a value and zero or more child nodes.
  • The topmost node is called the root node.
  • Each node in the tree has a unique key or value.

Types of Trees

  • Binary Tree: Each node has at most two child nodes (left child and right child).
  • B-Tree: A self-balancing search tree that keeps data sorted and allows search, insert, and delete operations in logarithmic time.
  • ** AVL Tree**: A self-balancing binary search tree that ensures the height of the tree remains relatively small.

Tree Terminology

  • Root Node: The topmost node in the tree.
  • Child Node: A node that has a parent node.
  • Parent Node: A node that has one or more child nodes.
  • Sibling Node: Nodes that have the same parent node.
  • Leaf Node: A node with no child nodes.
  • Internal Node: A node that has one or more child nodes.

Tree Operations

  • Traversal: Visiting each node in the tree in a specific order (e.g., inorder, preorder, postorder).
  • Insertion: Adding a new node to the tree while maintaining the tree's properties.
  • Deletion: Removing a node from the tree while maintaining the tree's properties.
  • Search: Finding a specific node in the tree.

Stacks

Definition

  • A stack is a linear data structure that follows the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle.
  • A stack consists of a collection of elements, with two primary operations: push and pop.

Stack Operations

  • Push: Adding an element to the top of the stack.
  • Pop: Removing the top element from the stack.
  • Peek: Viewing the top element of the stack without removing it.

Stack Properties

  • LIFO: Last-In-First-Out, meaning the most recently added element is the first to be removed.
  • FILO: First-In-Last-Out, meaning the first element added is the last to be removed.

Stack Applications

  • Evaluating Postfix Expressions: Stacks are used to evaluate postfix expressions by parsing the expression from left to right.
  • Implementing Recursive Algorithms: Stacks are used to implement recursive algorithms, allowing for efficient use of memory.
  • Undo/Redo Functionality: Stacks are used to implement undo and redo functionality in applications.

定义

  • 树是一种以节点为基础的层次结构,其中每个节点都具有值和零个或多个子节点。
  • 树的顶部节点称为根节点。
  • 树中的每个节点都具有唯一的键或值。

树的类型

  • 二叉树:每个节点最多有两个子节点(左子树和右子树)。
  • B-树:一种自平衡搜索树,能够在对数时间内进行搜索、插入和删除操作,并保持数据排序。
  • AVL树:一种自平衡二叉搜索树,确保树的高度保持相对较小。

树的术语

  • 根节点:树的顶部节点。
  • 子节点:具有父节点的节点。
  • 父节点:具有一个或多个子节点的节点。
  • 兄弟节点:具有相同父节点的节点。
  • 叶节点:没有子节点的节点。
  • 内部节点:具有一个或多个子节点的节点。

树操作

  • 遍历:按照特定顺序访问树中的每个节点(例如中序、前序、后序)。
  • 插入:在保持树性质的情况下将新节点添加到树中。
  • 删除:在保持树性质的情况下从树中删除节点。
  • 搜索:在树中查找特定节点。

定义

  • 栈是一种以元素为基础的线性结构,遵循后进先出(LIFO)的原则。
  • 栈由元素集合组成,具有两个主要操作:push和pop。

栈操作

  • push:将元素添加到栈的顶部。
  • pop:从栈的顶部删除元素。
  • peek:查看栈的顶部元素,但不删除它。

栈属性

  • LIFO:后进先出,意味着最recently添加的元素是第一个被删除的。
  • FILO:先进后出,意味着最first添加的元素是最后一个被删除的。

栈应用

  • 后缀表达式求值:栈用于从左到右解析后缀表达式。
  • 递归算法实现:栈用于实现递归算法,使得内存使用更加高效。
  • 撤销/重做功能:栈用于实现应用程序中的撤销和重做功能。

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