Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to the 2021-22 eftpos data, how much money did fast food and takeaway businesses in Auckland earn over the last 6 years?
According to the 2021-22 eftpos data, how much money did fast food and takeaway businesses in Auckland earn over the last 6 years?
6.718 billion dollars
How many unhealthy food advertisements were children exposed to per hour spent in outdoor public spaces, according to the study tracking 138 12-year-old children in Wellington?
How many unhealthy food advertisements were children exposed to per hour spent in outdoor public spaces, according to the study tracking 138 12-year-old children in Wellington?
78% of New Zealanders have seen or experienced homophobia in sports. Is this statement true or false?
78% of New Zealanders have seen or experienced homophobia in sports. Is this statement true or false?
True
________ leads to state anxiety, which is a current emotional state characterized by feelings of apprehension and muscle tension.
________ leads to state anxiety, which is a current emotional state characterized by feelings of apprehension and muscle tension.
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Match the following key personality traits in sports with their definitions:
Match the following key personality traits in sports with their definitions:
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What percentage of the world's wealth is held by 6 people who all live in the US?
What percentage of the world's wealth is held by 6 people who all live in the US?
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Which country will soon be the #1 English speaking country in the world?
Which country will soon be the #1 English speaking country in the world?
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China has 3000 sport schools training 500,000 children for 10 hours a day.
China has 3000 sport schools training 500,000 children for 10 hours a day.
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According to Meier (1981), sports are games with accepted rules, institutionalized, and require a demonstration of physical skill and ________.
According to Meier (1981), sports are games with accepted rules, institutionalized, and require a demonstration of physical skill and ________.
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Match the following sports with their addition to the Tokyo Olympics: Karate, Softball, Sport Climbing, Surfing, Skateboarding
Match the following sports with their addition to the Tokyo Olympics: Karate, Softball, Sport Climbing, Surfing, Skateboarding
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In what year was the Ka Mate Haka invented and by whom?
In what year was the Ka Mate Haka invented and by whom?
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The sport shoe industry has tripled in the last 10 years.
The sport shoe industry has tripled in the last 10 years.
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Before European arrival, there were over 500 dialects, but now there are less than _____.
Before European arrival, there were over 500 dialects, but now there are less than _____.
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What are the three sub sectors in the sport sector?
What are the three sub sectors in the sport sector?
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What are the characteristics of public sport organisations? Select all that apply.
What are the characteristics of public sport organisations? Select all that apply.
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What are some unique aspects of sports in relation to dealing with LGBTQIA issues?
What are some unique aspects of sports in relation to dealing with LGBTQIA issues?
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Voluntary organisations are mostly run by volunteers.
Voluntary organisations are mostly run by volunteers.
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Sport for development uses sport as a vehicle to combat a myriad of social ills through promoting active citizenship, community cohesion, and social capital to achieve _______________.
Sport for development uses sport as a vehicle to combat a myriad of social ills through promoting active citizenship, community cohesion, and social capital to achieve _______________.
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How many out LGBTQ+ athletes were there out of approximately 10,000 athletes in the Olympics from 2008 to 2020/21?
How many out LGBTQ+ athletes were there out of approximately 10,000 athletes in the Olympics from 2008 to 2020/21?
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Match the following terms to their definitions:
Match the following terms to their definitions:
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What concept is mentioned when referring to the belief that biology determines human behavior and explains complex social phenomena?
What concept is mentioned when referring to the belief that biology determines human behavior and explains complex social phenomena?
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True or False: Genetics have been proven to be the sole factor contributing to the success of black athletes in sports.
True or False: Genetics have been proven to be the sole factor contributing to the success of black athletes in sports.
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According to the former USC track coach Brookes Johnson, the sociological concept he refers to is ________.
According to the former USC track coach Brookes Johnson, the sociological concept he refers to is ________.
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Global Statistics and Trends
- If the world consisted of 100 people, 50% of the world's wealth would be held by 6 people, all living in the US.
- 80% of the world's population would live in substandard housing.
- 70% of the world's population would be unable to read.
- 50% of the world's population would suffer from malnutrition.
- Only 1 person would have a university education.
Demographic Projections
- By 2036, NZ will have 1.5 million people aged 65 years or older, which is 1 out of every 4 people.
- China will soon be the #1 English-speaking country in the world, followed by India.
Sport in New Zealand Society
- There are over 150,000 sports and recreation clubs in NZ, supported by 750,000 volunteers.
- The sport and recreation sector employs more than 50,000 people and contributes over $5.2 billion to GDP (2.8%).
- The total value of sport and recreation to NZ doubles to around $12.2 billion when including social and personal benefits.
Challenges of Studying Sport
- The "great sport myth" that sport is always good.
- Sport is not taken seriously as an area of study.
- Everyone thinks they are an expert in sport.
- The public does not like academic critique of sport.
- Resentment by those who are jealous of sport's popularity (e.g. art, dance, music, opera).
Defining Sport
- Sport is an embodied, structured, goal-oriented, competitive, contest-based, physical activity.
- Examples of new sports in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics include karate, softball, sport climbing, surfing, and skateboarding.
- Meier (1981) defines sport as games with goal-directed activity, accepted rules, institutionalization, and a required demonstration of physical skill and prowess.
Contested Terrain of Sport
- Dominant groups vs. resistance.
- Sport can be used as a tool of social influence, with historical and contemporary examples of both positive and negative uses.
- Examples of contradictions and complexity in sport, including moral, ethical, and legal issues.
Historical Struggles and Contradictions
- Women's sport: historical struggles and contradictions, including the idea that women's participation in sport could affect their fertility.
- Examples of cultural resistance through sport, including alternative/extreme sports.
Categories of Resistance through Sport
- Self-conscious political protests, such as using sport as a vehicle to protest wider social issues.
- Opposition to colonial rule, with examples of how sport has been used to resist domination.
- Cultural opposition/resistance, with examples of how sport has been used to challenge dominant values and authority.
Hegemony and Sport
- Hegemony is a form of power that operates through consent rather than coercion.
- Examples of how sport can be used to promote cultural and political ideas, including the Olympics and COVID-19.
Sport Science and Technology
- The origins of the treadmill, which was invented in 1818 as a form of punishment for prisoners.
- Early sport science, including the study of the physiological effects of caffeine, alcohol, cocaine, and strychnine.
- Critiques of sport science, including the idea that it can lead to a "sickness" of the body.
Sport Matters to Nations
- Health of citizens: sport is an important aspect of public health.
- Economy: hosting sports events can contribute to national branding.
- National identity: sport can be used to promote national pride and cohesion.
- Nation-state strength: sport can be used to demonstrate the success of a nation's political and ideological system.
Obesity Crisis
- The obesity crisis is a major global health issue, with 1.9 billion adults overweight and 605 million obese.
- The complexity of obesity, including the fact that diets generally do not work and that weight and health are not the same.
- Effects of the crisis, including the impact on children's health and well-being.
Sports Coaching
- Challenges facing contemporary coaches, including changes in the social context, athletes, and policies.
- The importance of cultural sensitivity and understanding in coaching.
- Examples of coaching challenges, including the need to balance the demands of different stakeholders.
The Future of Sport
- Predictions for the future of sport, including the rise of new technologies and the impact of climate change.
- The possibility of transhumanism, where humans merge with machines to enhance physical performance.
- The importance of considering the social and ethical implications of these developments.### Personality Traits in Motivation
- Motivation is a key personality factor in achieving success
- Two types of motivation:
- Ms (Motive to Approach Success): pride in success
- Maf (Motive to Avoid Failure): shame in failure
- Key personality factor: Ms - Maf
- High achievers: higher on Ms than Maf
- Higher on Maf than Ms: anxiety
Performance Anxiety
- Anxiety: perceived threat
- Defined by Martens (1977): "tendency to perceive competitive situations as threatening and to respond to these with feelings of apprehension and tension"
- Stress: perceived imbalance between demand and capabilities
- Defined by McGrath (1970): "substantial imbalance between environmental demand (physical and/or psychological demands) and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet the demand has important consequences"
- Stress leads to state anxiety
Trait and State Anxiety
- Trait anxiety: predisposition to perceive competitive sport as threatening (stress) and to respond to this with levels of state anxiety
- State anxiety: current emotional state/mood characterized by feelings of apprehension and muscle tension; associated with negative affect (emotions, feelings)
Arousal-Performance Relationship
- Inverted U theory: performance increases in proportion to increases in arousal up to a certain point, then decreases
- Best/ideal performance results from optimal peak arousal
- Flow experience: best performance
- Under arousal: boredom/poor performance
- Over arousal: "choking"
- Different sports have different optimal levels of arousal
- Tasks requiring fine motor control (e.g. golf) require lower arousal
- Tasks with higher strength (e.g. cycling) require higher levels of arousal
Physiological and Cognitive Effects of Over Arousal
- Physiological effects:
- Decreased coordination - tight, jerky movements
- Paralyzed by analysis - need to relax mind and body
- Cognitive effects:
- Negative thoughts - worry about worrying
- Lose self-confidence
- Attention and concentration shift - tunnel vision, focus on important information is missed
Mental Skills Training (MST)
- Objective: help athletes manage arousal/state levels
- Two types of MST:
- Clinical sport psych: assisting athletes with abnormal problems (e.g. anorexia, depression)
- Educational sport psych: teaching practical skills to normal athletes in abnormal situations (e.g. competition pressure)
Sport for Development and Peace
- Definition: using sport as a means of meeting the goals and challenges of international development
- Primary purpose: using sport to improve or develop an existing social problem
- Sport for development programs can have a positive impact on society
Sport History
- 2002-06: Govt appointed taskforce advocates for more competitiveness and efficiency in sport delivery system
- 2002-06: New govt agency (SPARC, now Sport NZ) promises new funding approach because talent is not enough
- Targeted funding: rewarding the winners and punishing the losers
- Effects:
- Degrade into cream skimming and cherry picking
- Affect player welfare, people are fearful of losing jobs, money, and status### Skin Pigmentation and Race
- Effects:
- Original ancestral configuration of humans was dark pigmentation, making lightly pigmented skin in Europe and Eastern Asia a mutation
- Skin colour changes quickly, and lightly pigmented people can emerge at different points in evolutionary history, making race distinctions based on skin colour nonsensical
The Complexity of the Pacific
- Pasifika or Pacific peoples refer to individuals or groups from the Pacific region, with each ethnic group having its own distinct culture, language, and protocols
- There are approximately 30,000 islands in the Pacific and over 1,200 languages spoken
- Pacific countries include Polynesia (1,000 islands, 6 countries), New Zealand, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Samoa
Sport and Pacific Athletes
- Sport is a way to integrate into the community, and Pacific athletes are overrepresented in certain sports, such as rugby and league
- Pacific athletes are often exploited as sporting mercenaries, with total focus on sport, low pay, and racial stereotypes
- Relocation and travel can be challenging for Pacific athletes, and government and sport organization corruption is a problem
Stereotypes and Challenges
- Stereotypes, such as the idea that Pacific people are naturally athletic, are prevalent and limiting
- Cultural safety requires consideration of personal biases and cultural background
- Rigid gender stereotypes and societal pressure can impact wellbeing
Sport, Globalisation, and the Economy
- The sport shoe industry has tripled in the last 10 years, worth $73 billion
- Globalisation has intensified economic, political, and social interactions, affecting local events
- The All Blacks have become a global brand, with Adidas as a major sponsor
- Adidas uses localisation strategies, such as the Rugby Academy and advertising campaigns, to fit into the New Zealand market
The All Blacks and Adidas
- Adidas partnered with the All Blacks in 1999, with a 5-year deal worth $75-100 million
- The partnership aims to increase brand value and provide premium products
- Adidas uses corporate nationalism, exploiting Maori branding and imagery, to promote products
Sport and the Environment
- Global warming and climate change are significant concerns
- Certain sports, such as golf, boat racing, and car racing, have a significant negative impact on the environment
- Sport mega-events can be detrimental to the environment and local societies
- The sports industry, including the production of sporting goods, contributes to carbon emissions and waste.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on various statistics related to wellbeing and lifestyle in New Zealand, including data on fast food, unhealthy food advertisements, and homophobia in sports.
