Well Log Conditioning Quiz

Remove noise and residual moveout = Optimizing AVO response for elastic property estimation Identify and correct amplitude variations = Analyzing overall quality and resolution Interpolate or extrapolate horizon picks = Defining horizons within rectangular inversion grid Estimate missing elastic logs = Handling missing log coverage

Merge crossing horizons = Removing noise without losing details Correcting borehole washout effects = Dealing with low density values and spikes Estimating missing log coverage = Handling gaps in coverage or depth shifts Editing raw density logs to remove spurious spikes = Splicing logs from different borehole diameters

Avoiding artefacts in stratigraphic grid = Ensuring accurate model building Checking for spatial amplitude variations = Analyzing overall seismic quality Merging noisy picks and crossing horizons = Interpolating or extrapolating horizon picks Conducting a thorough evaluation of variations observed = Understanding geological phenomena or interpretation inaccuracies

Removing noise and residual moveout = Ensuring correct estimation of reservoir properties Checking processing sequence for AVO friendliness = Analyzing spatial amplitude variations Handling seismic data preconditioning after migration = Performing quality control at all processing stages Identifying impact of residual moveout on elastic properties estimation = Improving AVO behavior for property estimation

Data Preparation = Involves gathering, organizing, and pre-processing data Inversion Preparation = Includes well-to-seismic tie and wavelet estimation Feasibility Studies = Conducted to ensure suitability of seismic inversion Quality Control Process = Assesses reliability and validity of inversion results

Overview of Inversion Workflow = Give an overview of the typical inversion workflow Required Input Data = List the required input data Quality Control of Data = Discuss quality control and preconditioning aspects of data preparation Quantitative Interpretation Feasibility Study = Explore the main aspects of a quantitative interpretation feasibility study

Gathering and Pre-processing Data = Data Preparation phase Testing Inversion Parameters = Final Inversion phase Interpreting Inverted Results = Post-quality control process Wavelet Estimation and Low Frequency Model Construction = Inversion Preparation phase

Conducting Feasibility Studies = Data Preparation phase Laying Groundwork for Inversion Process = Inversion Preparation phase Assessing Reliability of Results = Final Inversion phase Interpretation of Inverted Results = Post-quality control process

Ensuring Suitability for Geological Context = Conducting Feasibility Studies Confirming Validity of Inversion Results = Quality Control Process Linear Illustration but May be Iterative = Overall Inversion Workflow Tie Well Data to Seismic Data = Inversion Preparation Phase

List Required Input Data = Give an Overview of Inversion Workflow Discuss Quality Control Aspects = Required Input Data Discussion Explore Feasibility Study Aspects = Quantitative Interpretation Feasibility Study Exploration Learn about Main Stages of Workflow = Overview of Typical Inversion Workflow

Tuning effect = Constructive or destructive interference of waves from closely spaced events Zero-phase wavelet convention = Reversed convention in the North Sea and some areas Bed thickness = Level at which two events become indistinguishable in time Inversion project stages = Data preparation, inversion preparation, and inversion

Data preparation = Essential stage involving correct data upload and quality assurance Elastic properties and seismic data = Mandatory inputs for an inversion process Geological context = Beneficial to incorporate along with petrophysical logs for inversion Forward modeling = Used to check if inversion can achieve project objectives

Wireline Log data = Key requirements for well-to-seismic tying and wavelet estimation Elastic logs = Important for building the low-frequency model Seismic interpretation (horizons) = Used for Low Frequency model and QC of seismic data Seismic velocities = Highly recommended for building the initial model and time to depth conversion

Editing and conditioning well logs = Essential for the model and QC of the results Smoothing horizons = Ensuring they extend throughout the area of the seismic Understanding processing of input seismic = Important to identify unwanted events that may remain in the data Spatial map display = Ensuring correct location and orientation of the well track

Gamma Ray, Caliper, Resistivity = Used for lithology classification and QC Elastic logs = Deriving low frequency trend from well logs Petrophysical analysis (Porosity, Lithology, Fluid saturation) = Helps in detecting outliers and anomalous behaviors Check shot data and well markers = Key requirements for well-to-seismic tying and wavelet estimation

Wavelet estimation = Computing operator to match well synthetic to seismic Initial model building = Deriving low frequency trend interpolated to a 3D volume Inversion parameterisation = Comparing results to find optimal parameters Lithology classification = Training set based on well logs

Full or partial stacks of offset or angle gathers = Depends on type of inversion being performed Fault interpretation = Optional, can be used in building Low Frequency Model Seismic velocities = Highly recommended for building initial model and time to depth conversion Seismic interpretation (horizons) = Used for Low Frequency model and QC of seismic data

Denoise = Remove random noise from seismic data Random noise attenuation = Consider coherent seismic data as signal and incoherent as noise to be attenuated Projective filtering in f-x domain = A method for noise attenuation in seismic data AVO Understanding = Modelling AVO effects for different types of reservoir or fluid content

Elastic Crossplots = Check if inversion can achieve project objectives like discriminating fluids or identifying lithologies Seismic Inversion Workflow = Analyze data quality and characteristics to verify feasibility of inversion process P-impedance and Porosity crossplot = Verify relationship to translate Impedance from inversion into a reservoir property P velocity versus density crossplot = Color-coded by Gamma Ray, VCL, porosity or water saturation

Polarity understanding = Important to understand the seismic polarity conventions for zero-phase wavelets Forward modelling = Perform modelling to interpret AVO effects for different reservoir or fluid content types Synthetic gathers computation = Generate different fluid scenario elastic properties for comparison with real seismic data Fluid substitution approach = Generate scenarios of elastic properties for each fluid content for cross-plot analysis

Cross-plotted logs color-coded by saturation/lithology = Different fluids and lithologies can be separated with little overlap between points Vp/Vs property importance = Crucial to separate Shaly carbonate and clean carbonate when P-Impedance alone cannot do it Utilizing P-impedance and Porosity crossplot = Verify if a relationship can be identified to translate Impedance from inversion into a reservoir property Useful crossplots for analysis = P velocity vs density, color-coded by Gamma Ray, VCL, porosity, or water saturation