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Questions and Answers
What does the specification need to indicate regarding preheat and PWHT?
What does the specification need to indicate regarding preheat and PWHT?
- The type of shielding flux to be designated
- The methods, minimum and maximum temperature, time at temperature, and temperature control methods for PWHT (correct)
- The range for speed of travel in in. (mm) per minute
- The range of flow rates for the shielding gas
When is a welding procedure required to be completely requalified?
When is a welding procedure required to be completely requalified?
- When the range for speed of travel is specified for each pass
- When any of the essential variables listed in 5.4.2 are changed (correct)
- When the type of shielding flux is designated
- When the composition of the shielding gas and the range of flow rates are designated
What does the specification need to designate regarding the shielding gas and flow rate?
What does the specification need to designate regarding the shielding gas and flow rate?
- The methods, minimum temperature at the start of the weld, and minimum ambient temperature below which preheat is required
- The range for speed of travel in in. (mm) per minute
- The composition of the shielding gas and the range of flow rates (correct)
- The type of shielding flux to be designated
What is the purpose of forced cooling after welding, as per the specification?
What is the purpose of forced cooling after welding, as per the specification?
Which of the following constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specification changes?
Which of the following constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specification changes?
What type of changes within specified groupings for base materials and filler metals may be made without requalification?
What type of changes within specified groupings for base materials and filler metals may be made without requalification?
Which of the following changes constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
Which of the following changes constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
What type of changes in shielding flux may constitute an essential variable?
What type of changes in shielding flux may constitute an essential variable?
Which of the following changes may not require requalification if the procedure is revised to reflect the changes?
Which of the following changes may not require requalification if the procedure is revised to reflect the changes?
What constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
What constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
Which of the following changes in filler metal groups may require requalification?
Which of the following changes in filler metal groups may require requalification?
What range of flow rates for shielding gas is specified in the text as constituting an essential variable if changed beyond 20% of the nominal flow rate?
What range of flow rates for shielding gas is specified in the text as constituting an essential variable if changed beyond 20% of the nominal flow rate?
What type of changes in joint design constitute essential variables in welding procedure specifications?
What type of changes in joint design constitute essential variables in welding procedure specifications?
What type of changes in position constitute essential variables in welding procedure specifications?
What type of changes in position constitute essential variables in welding procedure specifications?
Which of the following changes may not require requalification if the procedure is revised to reflect the changes?
Which of the following changes may not require requalification if the procedure is revised to reflect the changes?
What type of changes in base material constitutes an essential variable, with different qualification tests for materials of different strengths?
What type of changes in base material constitutes an essential variable, with different qualification tests for materials of different strengths?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is not a cause for rejection in the welding test?
What is not a cause for rejection in the welding test?
What is the length of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the length of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the width of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the width of the root and face bend test specimens?
What type of scratches on the specimens are acceptable for the bend test?
What type of scratches on the specimens are acceptable for the bend test?
What type of test specimens can be used for the tensile strength test of butt-welded joints?
What type of test specimens can be used for the tensile strength test of butt-welded joints?
Where are the acceptance criteria specified for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone?
Where are the acceptance criteria specified for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone?
What may be used at the discretion of the company for the bend test?
What may be used at the discretion of the company for the bend test?
When is the bend test acceptable?
When is the bend test acceptable?
What type of test specimens are used for the nick break test?
What type of test specimens are used for the nick break test?
When may nick break specimens fail through the pipe instead of the weld?
When may nick break specimens fail through the pipe instead of the weld?
What is the length of the side bend test specimens?
What is the length of the side bend test specimens?
What may be notched to a specific depth for processes where nick break specimens may fail through the pipe?
What may be notched to a specific depth for processes where nick break specimens may fail through the pipe?
What is the width of the side bend test specimens?
What is the width of the side bend test specimens?
What is the specified method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
What is the specified method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
How should the side bend test specimens be cut?
How should the side bend test specimens be cut?
What may a failed side bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What may a failed side bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
How are the test specimens for butt-welded joints cooled prior to testing?
How are the test specimens for butt-welded joints cooled prior to testing?
What may a failed bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What may a failed bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What must the tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, meet?
What must the tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, meet?
How are the test locations specified for butt-welded joints based?
How are the test locations specified for butt-welded joints based?
What types of tests are included in the specimens for butt-welded joints?
What types of tests are included in the specimens for butt-welded joints?
What is the method for breaking nick break test specimens?
What is the method for breaking nick break test specimens?
When may specimens for certain mechanized and semiautomatic processes be macroetched prior to being nicked?
When may specimens for certain mechanized and semiautomatic processes be macroetched prior to being nicked?
What type of test specimens are used for the tensile strength test of butt-welded joints?
What type of test specimens are used for the tensile strength test of butt-welded joints?
How are the test locations specified for butt-welded joints based?
How are the test locations specified for butt-welded joints based?
What is the specified method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
What is the specified method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
What must the tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, meet?
What must the tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, meet?
Where are the acceptance criteria specified for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone?
Where are the acceptance criteria specified for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone?
What is the purpose of forced cooling after welding, as per the specification?
What is the purpose of forced cooling after welding, as per the specification?
What types of tests are included in the specimens for butt-welded joints?
What types of tests are included in the specimens for butt-welded joints?
How are the test specimens for butt-welded joints cooled prior to testing?
How are the test specimens for butt-welded joints cooled prior to testing?
What constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
What constitutes an essential variable in welding procedure specifications?
What may a failed bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What may a failed bend test specimen be replaced with for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is the length of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the length of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is the minimum width required for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What are fisheyes in the welding test?
What are fisheyes in the welding test?
What is the length of root and face bend test specimens?
What is the length of root and face bend test specimens?
What should the bend test fixture have to be used at the discretion of the company?
What should the bend test fixture have to be used at the discretion of the company?
When is the bend test acceptable?
When is the bend test acceptable?
What is the width of the side bend test specimens?
What is the width of the side bend test specimens?
How are the side bend test specimens cut?
How are the side bend test specimens cut?
What may be used to replace a failed nick break specimen for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What may be used to replace a failed nick break specimen for retesting, for a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm)?
What is the acceptable method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
What is the acceptable method for breaking tensile strength test specimens?
What is the length of the side bend test specimens?
What is the length of the side bend test specimens?
What is the specified width of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the specified width of the root and face bend test specimens?
What is the acceptable width for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
What is the acceptable width for the exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen?
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Study Notes
Welding Procedure Specification Changes and Requalification
- Changes in welding procedure specification may not require requalification if the procedure is revised to reflect the changes
- A change in welding process or method of application constitutes an essential variable
- A change in base material constitutes an essential variable, with different qualification tests for materials of different strengths
- Groupings for base materials and filler metals are specified, and changes within these groups may be made without requalification
- Major changes in joint design constitute essential variables, while minor changes do not
- Changes in position, wall thickness, filler metal, electrical characteristics, time between passes, direction of welding, shielding gas, shielding flux, speed of travel, preheat, and post-weld heat treatment all constitute essential variables
- Specific changes in filler metal groups are outlined, with some changes requiring requalification and others not
- The range of flow rates for shielding gas is specified, with changes beyond 20% of the nominal flow rate constituting an essential variable
- Changes in shielding flux, speed of travel, preheat, and post-weld heat treatment all constitute essential variables
- The text provides detailed guidelines for changes in welding procedure specifications and their impact on requalification requirements
Welding Procedure Specification for Test Joints
- Test joint for butt welds involves joining two pipe nipples following welding procedure specifications
- Test specimens for butt-welded joint shall be cut from specific locations and air-cooled prior to testing
- Tensile strength test specimens can be of standard or reduced section type and are broken under tensile load
- Tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, must meet specified minimum tensile strength of pipe material
- Acceptance criteria for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone, within parent metal, or below SMTS
- Test locations are specified based on pipe diameter and wall thickness, with varying numbers of specimens
- Specimens include tensile strength, nick break, root bend, face bend, and side bend tests
- Nick break test specimens are notched at the center of the weld and broken through the weld by pulling, bending, or striking
- Nick break specimens may fail through the pipe instead of the weld for certain mechanized and semiautomatic processes
- For such processes, external reinforcement may be notched to a specific depth or specimens may be macroetched prior to being nicked
Welding Procedure Specification for Test Joints
- Test joint for butt welds involves joining two pipe nipples following welding procedure specifications
- Test specimens for butt-welded joint shall be cut from specific locations and air-cooled prior to testing
- Tensile strength test specimens can be of standard or reduced section type and are broken under tensile load
- Tensile strength of the weld, including fusion zone, must meet specified minimum tensile strength of pipe material
- Acceptance criteria for welds breaking outside the weld or fusion zone, within parent metal, or below SMTS
- Test locations are specified based on pipe diameter and wall thickness, with varying numbers of specimens
- Specimens include tensile strength, nick break, root bend, face bend, and side bend tests
- Nick break test specimens are notched at the center of the weld and broken through the weld by pulling, bending, or striking
- Nick break specimens may fail through the pipe instead of the weld for certain mechanized and semiautomatic processes
- For such processes, external reinforcement may be notched to a specific depth or specimens may be macroetched prior to being nicked
Welding Test Requirements for Pipelines
- The exposed area of the fracture in the nick break specimen should be at least 3/4 in. (19 mm) wide.
- Requirements for the nick break specimen include complete penetration and fusion, limited gas pockets, and size constraints for slag inclusions.
- Fisheyes are not cause for rejection in the welding test.
- For a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm), a failed nick break specimen may be replaced by two additional specimens for retesting.
- Root and face bend test specimens must be approximately 9 in. (230 mm) long and 1 in. (25 mm) wide, with rounded edges.
- Scratches on the specimens should be light and transverse to the weld, and the specimen should not be flattened prior to testing.
- The bend test fixture with a specified radius may be used at the discretion of the company.
- The bend test is acceptable if no cracks or imperfections exceeding specified dimensions are present in the weld or fusion zone after bending.
- For a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm), a failed bend test specimen may be replaced with two additional specimens for retesting.
- Side bend test specimens should be approximately 9 in. (230 mm) long and 1/2 in. (13 mm) wide, with rounded edges.
- The side bend test specimens shall be machine cut, or they may be oxygen cut.
- For a test weld diameter greater than 12 3/4 in. (323.9 mm), a failed side bend test specimen may be replaced with two additional specimens for retesting.
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