59 Questions
What is the process of removing weld metal and base metal from the weld root side of a welded joint to facilitate complete fusion and complete joint penetration upon subsequent welding from that side?
Backgouging
What discontinuity results from an arc, consisting of any localized remelted metal, heat-affected metal, or change in the surface profile of any metal object?
Arc strike
What is the term for a weld discontinuity related to the excessive build-up of weld metal?
Convexity
What is the term for the discontinuity resulting from entrapped slag in the weld metal or at the weld interface?
Porosity
What should always be requested to ensure that the proper type and grade of material is received?
Mill Certificates
What is overlap in welding?
A condition where the weld metal is not fused to the parent metal
What can overlap in welding mask?
Incomplete fusion
What is the potential consequence of overlap in welding?
Stress concentration under load
How is overlap in welding corrected?
By grinding to remove the excess weld metal
What is the purpose of magnetic particle testing (MT) after correcting overlap in welding?
To ensure that all the overlap is removed and not hidden by grinding operations
What is the purpose of becoming familiar with code and procedure requirements ahead of time?
To make educated decisions regarding cutting and preparation methods
Why should machinists be made aware of the required tolerances for material preparation work?
To adhere to the requirements and advise of any problems at the early stages
What is the maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched before necking?
Ultimate tensile strength
What is weld reinforcement?
Weld metal in excess of the quantity required to fill a groove weld
What represents a danger to a weld or structure in welding?
Defects
What is the stress at which a material begins to permanently deform?
Yield strength
What is a document detailing requirements and acceptance criteria for a product, forming a basis of a contractual agreement?
Specification
What is a document used to judge a product, summarizing requirements for welding processes, procedures, materials, etc.?
Standard
What is the type of force that tends to pull an object or a surface in opposite directions?
Tension
What is the detailed methods and practices involved in the production of a weldment?
Welding procedure
What should be referred to in order to determine acceptance criteria for discontinuities?
Relevant codes and standards
How are weld discontinuities divided?
Into three general classes
What are process or procedure-related discontinuities influenced by?
Maintenance of specified dimensions
What is the nonmetallic product resulting from the mutual dissolution of flux and nonmetallic impurities in welding or brazing processes?
Slag
What is the term for a discontinuity that renders a part unable to meet minimum acceptance standards or specifications?
Defect
What is the property of a material to sustain large permanent changes in shape without breaking?
Ductility
What is the distance a weld fusion extends into the base metal during welding?
Depth of fusion
What is the localized damage that occurs when a material is subjected to cyclic loading?
Fatigue
What is the included angle between the groove faces of a groove weld?
Groove angle
What is a weld of approximately triangular cross-section joining two surfaces at right angles in lap, T-joint, or corner joint?
Fillet weld
What is a fracture-type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and a high ratio of length and width to opening displacement?
Crack
What is the support material placed behind the joint in welding, and can be metal or nonmetal?
Backing
What is a document that incorporates rules of good practice to obtain the results required by a standard or specification?
Code
What refers to examination methods that evaluate components without damaging their intended service life?
Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
What is a groove weld condition where the weld metal extends through the joint thickness?
Complete joint penetration (CJP)
What is the discontinuity resulting from entrapped slag in the weld metal or at the weld interface?
Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
What can result from insufficient root opening in welding?
Inadequate joint penetration
What may excessive root opening cause in welding?
Melt-through
What can misalignment of parts cause in welding?
Insufficient effective throat
What do codes and specifications provide for in welding?
Workmanship tolerances for bevel angle
What can irregularities in the finished surface to be welded lead to?
Various weld discontinuities
What may sheared surfaces lead to in welding?
Porosity
What can flame cut surfaces lead to in welding?
Notches and irregularities
What can plasma cutting produce that leads to weld discontinuities?
Notches, dross, and oxide film
What makes water jet cutting suitable for welding?
It does not produce thermal changes or oxide formation
What is required before cutting and material preparation begins in welding?
Consulting codes, standards, and company welding procedures
What should be consulted before cutting and material preparation begins in welding?
Codes, standards, and company welding procedures
What do codes, standards, and company welding procedures provide in welding?
Workmanship tolerances
What can insufficient root opening lead to?
Inadequate joint penetration, incomplete fusion, and slag entrapment
What may excessive root opening cause?
Melt-through, porosity, slag entrapment, and additional distortion
What can misalignment of parts cause?
Insufficient effective throat and stress concentration at the weld root
What do codes and specifications provide workmanship tolerances for?
Bevel angle, root face thickness, and root openings
What do irregularities in the finished surface to be welded lead to?
Various weld discontinuities
What may sheared surfaces lead to?
Porosity, slag entrapment, and incomplete fusion
What can flame cut surfaces lead to?
Notches, irregularities, and slag adherence
What can plasma cutting produce, leading to weld discontinuities such as porosity?
Notches, dross, and oxide film
What does water jet cutting not produce, making it suitable for welding?
Thermal changes or oxide formation
What is required when welding on machine-cut surfaces to avoid weld discontinuities?
Removal of lubricants
What should be consulted before cutting and material preparation begins?
Codes, standards, and company welding procedures
Study Notes
Welding Discontinuities and Joint Preparation
- Insufficient root opening can lead to inadequate joint penetration, incomplete fusion, and slag entrapment
- Excessive root opening may cause melt-through, porosity, slag entrapment, and additional distortion
- Misalignment of parts can cause insufficient effective throat and stress concentration at the weld root
- Codes and specifications provide workmanship tolerances for bevel angle, root face thickness, and root openings
- Table 2 summarizes the dimensional errors and resulting weld discontinuities or defects
- Irregularities in the finished surface to be welded can lead to various weld discontinuities
- Sheared surfaces may lead to porosity, slag entrapment, and incomplete fusion
- Flame cut surfaces may lead to notches, irregularities, and slag adherence, causing discontinuities
- Plasma cutting can produce notches, dross, and oxide film, leading to weld discontinuities such as porosity
- Water jet cutting does not produce thermal changes or oxide formation, making it suitable for welding
- Welding on machine-cut surfaces requires the removal of lubricants to avoid weld discontinuities
- Codes, standards, and company welding procedures should always be consulted before cutting and material preparation begins
Test your knowledge of welding discontinuities, defects, and joint preparation with this informative quiz. From understanding slag and weld reinforcement to grasping the significance of codes and standards in determining acceptance criteria, this quiz covers essential terminology and key factors in welding processes.
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