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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is NOT associated with individuals in industrial Westernized USA?
What is one consequence of misclassification of participants in gender research?
Which statement about social influence is true regarding individuals from industrial Westernized USA?
What was a significant oversight in gender and sex research according to Cameron & Stinson 2019?
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What is a potential impact of studies that erase gender identity?
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What key issue arises from the representation of participants in psychological studies?
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Which of the following statements reflects the findings about visual perception in non-industrialized societies?
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What did Henrich, Heine, and Norenzayan introduce in 2010 to address participant diversity in studies?
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How do individuals in industrialized societies typically behave in terms of risk when it comes to gambling?
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Which characteristic is associated with moral reasoning in non-Western industrialized societies?
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What common behavior in industrialized societies contrasts with that of non-industrialized societies regarding immediate rewards?
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How do non-Western societies typically perceive relationships among objects?
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Which of the following describes the analytical approach typical in Western industrialized societies?
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Study Notes
WEIRD Participants in Psychology Research
- In the 1980s, researchers began to recognize the importance of including diverse participants and cultures in psychology research.
- In 2010, researchers Henrich, Heine, and Norenzayan introduced the acronym "WEIRD" to describe the predominant participant group in psychology research, which is predominantly:
- Western
- Educated
- Industrialised
- Rich
- Democratic.
- 68% of psychology research participants are from the USA.
- 96% of psychology research participants are WEIRD, representing only 12% of the world’s population.
- 73% of authors in psychology research are from universities in the USA.
- 99% of psychology research is conducted at universities in Western countries
- This lack of diversity in participants means that psychology research may not accurately reflect the full range of human psychological variability.
- Studies using WEIRD samples may:
- Miss important dimensions of variation across cultures.
- Devote undue attention to behavioral tendencies that are unusual on a global context.
- Lead to uneven and incomplete psychological understanding.
Non-WEIRD / Non-Industrialised Societies in Research
- Researchers have conducted studies comparing industrialised societies with non-industrialised societies, finding differences in perception of visual illusions and risk aversion.
- Participants from non-industrialised societies:
- Are more likely to perceive lines as equal, even if they are slightly different in length.
- Are less risk-averse, preferring a smaller amount of money now over a larger amount later.
Industrialised Societies in Research
- Industrialised societies can be further categorised into:
- Non-Western
- Western:
- Non-USA
- USA
Industrialised Non-Western Societies
- These societies tend to have a more holistic approach to thinking.
- They focus on relationships between objects to explain and predict behavior.
- They tend to have wider range of moral principles that prioritize fulfilling interpersonal relationships, divinity, and moralizing food, sex, and relationships.
Industrilalised Western Societies
- These societies tend to have a more analytical approach to thinking.
- They focus on detached objects and their attributes, rather than relationships.
- They use category rules to explain and predict behaviour.
- They tend to use principles of justice and harm when judging moral behaviour, prioritize individual autonomy, and are more consistent in their behavior.
- Western societies are more prone to "social loafing", where individuals contribute less effort in a group setting.
Industrialised Westernised USA
- These societies are more individualistic, preferring more choices.
- They are more likely to engage in analytical reasoning.
- They are 4000 times more likely to be recruited for research, making them a disproportionate representation in studies.
- They are less conformist, and focus on autonomy.
- They are less prejudiced, but more susceptible to attitude change and social influence.
Gender, Sex, and Diversity in Research
- Cameron and Stinson (2019) found that most research studies fail to adequately measure gender and sex, neglecting transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse individuals.
- This lack of inclusion results in misclassification of participants, impacting the validity of research findings.
- Failing to account for gender and sex diversity erases the experiences of nearly 6800 people.
- This lack of representation can cause reactance effects, leading to psychological harm and disrespecting gender diversity.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of WEIRD participants in psychology research, focusing on how the predominance of Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic individuals affects psychological studies. It highlights the implications of this lack of diversity and its impact on research outcomes. Test your understanding of the importance of diverse participant representation in psychology.
