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Weight Management Strategies

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80 Questions

Rates of obesity in the US tripled for adults from 1980-2018.

False

Maintaining weight means consuming the same number of calories that you burn through daily activity.

True

Approximately two-thirds of adults in the US are affected by obesity.

False

Genetics can influence a person's metabolism and body composition.

True

Gaining weight means eating more calories than you burn.

True

Seven out of 10 adults in the US are affected by overweight.

True

Losing weight means you consume more calories than you burn.

False

Social, psychological, and cultural factors do not influence a person's weight.

False

BMI calculation is an accurate method for everyone in assessing weight status.

False

Obesity is defined as body weight that is too low compared with others of the same sex and age.

False

The 95th percentile is used as an indicator for overweight status in the BMI-for-age percentiles.

False

Healthy weight is represented in the BMI-for-age percentiles diagram.

True

The BMI-for-age percentiles are the same for both males and females.

True

Genetic factors predict about 40-70 percent of a person's body mass index (BMI).

True

Leptin is a hormone that makes you feel hungry.

False

The hormone ghrelin makes you feel full.

False

Adopted children's weights are more similar to their biological parents than their adoptive parents.

True

A person with a high metabolism burns fewer calories each day.

False

Maintaining weight requires a balance between calories consumed and calories burned.

True

Consuming more calories than the body burns leads to weight loss.

False

Burning more calories than consumed results in losing weight.

True

Researchers have identified 32 genes that may influence weight.

True

The BMIs of identical twins are very different regardless of their upbringing.

False

Comparing your weight to another person's weight is a good way to determine your ideal weight.

False

Several factors impacting the ideal weight for your body include age, height, sex, and body composition.

True

Weight is assessed the same way for children, teens, and adults.

False

Females generally have a higher body-fat percentage than males to support their role in reproduction.

True

BMI is calculated differently for children and adults.

False

Body mass index (BMI) is a tool used to assess an individual's weight status.

True

To calculate BMI using pounds and inches, you do not need to multiply by 703.

False

Body composition is one of the approaches used to identify healthy weight ranges.

True

Whole30 involves eating meat, seafood, fruits, vegetables, and avoiding added sugars.

True

A keto diet is high in carbohydrates and low in fats.

False

The South Beach diet causes blurred vision and dizziness.

False

The Atkins diet emphasizes high carbohydrate intake.

False

Paleo and pegan diets limit beans, grains, and dairy.

True

The Zone diet schedules meals at set times throughout the day.

True

Eating mindfully means focusing on the food you consume.

True

Appreciating your food before eating is a part of mindful eating.

True

Maintaining weight requires a permanent change in eating and physical activity habits.

True

To gain weight, you must consume fewer calories than you burn.

False

Setting short-term goals regarding eating and physical activity is an effective strategy for weight management.

True

Effective weight-loss techniques focus on losing 5-10 pounds per week.

False

Fad diets often restrict certain types of food groups.

True

Using diuretics is a healthy and effective long-term strategy for weight loss.

False

Most people regain about one-third of any weight lost within one year after participating in weight-loss programs.

True

Gradual weight gain techniques should aim for 2-3 pounds per week.

False

Appetite suppressants increase levels of chemicals in the brain that affect mood and appetite.

True

People in the US spend an estimated $33 billion each year on weight-loss programs and products.

True

On 7/3/2017, the dinner included macaroni & cheese.

True

Water was consumed for breakfast on 7/4/2017.

False

Breakfast sandwiches were eaten for breakfast on both 7/4/2017 and 7/5/2017.

False

Steak was consumed for dinner on 7/6/2017.

True

On 7/8/2017, no items were listed for breakfast.

True

Body composition is the ratio of fat, bone, and muscle in the body.

True

Athletes generally have higher body-fat percentages than nonathletes.

False

Waist circumference can be used to measure excess abdominal fat.

True

People who store fat around their chest and abdomen have apple-shaped figures.

True

Body-fat distribution is not as important to health as the amount of fat you have.

False

Waist-to-hip ratio is recommended for children and teens.

False

A skinfold caliper measures the thickness of a fold of fat on the body.

True

A person submerged in water for body composition measurement is assessing body fat percentage based on density.

True

Air pressure changes in an egg-shaped chamber can be used to estimate body fat percentage.

True

The main factors influencing the choice of body composition measurement method are reliability, time, and distance.

False

Spending many hours watching TV or playing video games can lead to overweight or obesity.

True

Watching TV while eating makes individuals more aware of their food intake.

False

Changing your thoughts about eating and weight can help improve your eating habits.

True

A strict diet is necessary for weight loss success.

False

Gaining weight should be a rapid process to achieve desired body image quickly.

False

Support from family and friends can make lifestyle changes easier.

True

Watching TV for an hour increases food intake by about 13%.

True

Stopping all unhealthy food at once is the best way to improve eating habits.

False

Underweight individuals are more likely to develop skin, hair, or teeth conditions.

True

Osteoporosis is a condition associated with overweight and obesity.

False

Overweight or obesity can lead to respiratory, sleep, and joint conditions.

True

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with underweight individuals.

False

Exposure to US culture increases the risk of obesity among immigrants.

True

To avoid health risks associated with weight, it is important to consume fewer calories than you burn.

False

Overweight and obesity are linked to an increased risk of several types of cancer.

True

Underweight individuals are more likely to feel energized and healthy.

False

Study Notes

Managing Your Weight

Factors Influencing Weight

  • Genetics: 32 genes identified that may influence weight, including body mass index (BMI) and metabolism
  • Social, psychological, cultural, and socioeconomic factors also influence weight
  • Eating patterns: foods eaten regularly can impact weight, especially calories consumed vs. burned

Genetics and Metabolism

  • Genetic makeup influences metabolism and body composition
  • Certain genes may influence hunger and fullness feelings, such as leptin and ghrelin
  • Metabolism: rate at which body uses energy to carry out basic physiological processes

Eating Patterns and Physical Activity

  • Calorie balance: energy in (calories consumed) vs. energy out (calories burned) affects weight
  • Maintaining weight: energy in = energy out
  • Gaining weight: energy in > energy out
  • Losing weight: energy in < energy out

Healthy Weight Ranges

  • Ideal weight: weight at which body is healthy, influenced by age, height, sex, and body composition
  • Body mass index (BMI): tool for assessing weight status, calculated by weight in pounds / (height in inches)^2 x 703

Body Composition

  • Ratio of fat, bone, and muscle that make up body weight
  • Influenced by genetics, eating patterns, and physical activity
  • Body composition is important for weight, e.g. muscular person may weigh more than others due to higher muscle mass

Measuring Body Composition

  • Skinfold caliper: measures thickness of fat folds in body
  • Electrodes: measure body's response to small electrical current
  • X-ray: measures overall fat in body and separate regions
  • Air displacement: estimates body fat percentage based on body density

Healthy Weight-Management Strategies

  • Set realistic goals: short-term, achievable goals for eating and physical activity
  • Avoid unhealthy strategies: fad diets, appetite suppressants, and diuretics
  • Eat mindfully: pay attention to food, appreciate, and savor
  • Keep a food diary: track food intake to identify patterns and make changes

Avoiding Unhealthy Strategies

  • Fad diets: restrict certain food groups, often expensive, and lead to muscle loss and nutritional deficits
  • Appetite suppressants: trick body into thinking it's not hungry, but can lead to serious side effects
  • Diuretics: help body dispose of salt and water, but can lead to serious side effects and nutritional deficits

Mindful Eating

  • Appreciate food: think about work that went into bringing food to table
  • Portion out snacks: instead of eating straight from bag or box
  • Take small bites: savor flavors and textures
  • Chew thoroughly: really taste food
  • Put utensils down: between bites, fully swallow food

Making Healthy Choices

  • Limit screen time: watching TV, playing video games, and scrolling through social media can lead to overeating and weight gain
  • Change your thoughts: focus on increasing self-esteem and establishing a positive body image
  • Avoid all or nothing approach: set realistic goals and gradually work towards achieving them
  • Enlist support: having a supportive group can help with weight management### Underweight
  • Inadequate nutrient intake can lead to skin, hair, or teeth conditions.
  • Underweight individuals may experience fatigue and weakened immune systems, making them more prone to illnesses.
  • Females who are underweight may develop osteoporosis and irregular menstrual periods.

Overweight/Obesity

  • Overweight or obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  • It also raises the risk of developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and liver and gallbladder disease.
  • Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of certain cancers, including breast, colon, kidney, pancreas, cervix, and prostate cancers.
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by improper blood glucose management, is a common health consequence of overweight and obesity.
  • Overweight and obese individuals are more likely to experience respiratory, sleep, and joint conditions, and may have fertility issues.

Cultural Factors and Obesity

  • The US has a high prevalence of fast-food restaurants serving inexpensive, high-calorie foods with large portion sizes, contributing to high obesity rates.
  • Immigrants who move to the US tend to gain weight over time, with obesity rates increasing from 8% after less than one year to 19% after 15 or more years of living in the US.

Learn about the factors that influence weight, measuring and determining weight, and healthy strategies for weight loss and gain.

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