Week 6: Consciousness and ESP

Extrasensory Perception

<p>The ability to sense thoughts or feelings of another person in a direct way. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to perceive events or places before they happen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People who believe in ESP tend to perform better on ESP tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Significant underperformance on ESP tasks, making results worse than random chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5-10% above chance level. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychic abilities are suppressed by background sensory noise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control for the influence of random chance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aliens (B), Demons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meditation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory Noise Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory deprivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>59% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are primarily used for measuring IQ. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extraversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Believers show enhanced performance in psi tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconscious experimenter effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inconsistency in experimental results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive findings are often hidden from publication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are prone to spurious conclusions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was stopped due to lack of evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimenter effects and confirmation bias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People seek to alleviate feelings of powerlessness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intuitive dualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevalence of religious and paranormal beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps individuals find a sense of direction in uncertain situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects a clear demarcation between mind and body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involved 24 countries with diverse religions and cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some findings may arise from biased and explorative statistical tests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cultural perception of intuitive dualism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to gain information by means other than the five classical senses.

Acquiring information that's hidden and contemporary to the clairvoyant.

Transferring thoughts or feelings between individuals without using the five standard senses.

Perceiving future events or places before they occur.

50% of surveyed Americans believe in ESP.

59% of surveyed British individuals believe in ESP; higher among women.

The idea that background sensory noise interferes with psi effects.

States of mind different from regular wakefulness, like meditation or psychedelic use.

A technique to reduce sensory input in experiments.

The ability to influence physical objects with the mind.

Unconscious biases of the researcher influencing the results.

Seeking or interpreting evidence to confirm prior beliefs.

Tendency for positive results to be more likely published.

Negative or null results are not published.

A challenge offering a large sum to anyone who demonstrates actual ESP or psychokinesis.

A now-discontinued US government investigation into paranormal abilities.

Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality.

The belief that mind and body are separate.

Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs.

Bias in judgment based on association strength.

Seeing patterns where none exist.

Attributing events to intentional agents.

Understanding that others have thoughts.

Mixing concepts that should remain separated.

Tendency to engage in vivid imagination or fantasy.

Experiences of ESP that occur naturally, without intentional effort, such as premonitions or feeling someone's presence.

Sound waves with frequencies below the human hearing range, potentially creating a sensation of feeling ESP.

Special cards used in ESP research, typically with symbols, to test telepathy or clairvoyance.

Roles in ESP experiments where one person sends information and another receives it.

A bias in ESP experiments when the sender and receiver are familiar, potentially leading to misinterpreted ESP.

A bias in ESP experiments where someone might guess correctly based on general information rather than actual ESP.

People who believe in paranormal phenomena tend to perform better in ESP experiments than skeptics.

A phenomenon observed in ESP experiments where participants perform significantly worse than chance, suggesting an active suppression of psychic abilities.

Statistical analysis of multiple ESP study results shows a small but consistent effect above chance levels, suggesting some evidence for ESP.

The idea that people who feel a lack of control in their lives are more likely to believe in paranormal phenomena.

The instinctual belief that the mind and body are separate entities.

Intuitive dualism lays the foundation for believing in paranormal phenomena by suggesting that the mind can exist independently of the physical body, enabling activities like astral travel or communication with spirits.

People may believe in parapsychological phenomena due to factors like a desire for control, a lack of satisfaction with current medical explanations, a need for meaning in life, and the placebo effect.

Examples include religious beliefs, paranormal beliefs, astral travel, belief in alternative medicine, and mind-body interventions, suggesting a common underlying framework for these beliefs.

Cultural learning shapes belief in paranormal phenomena, influencing how people interpret and understand their experiences and perceptions.

The study involved 24 diverse countries, highlighting the widespread nature of belief in paranormal phenomena across cultures, further suggesting that it is a universal human tendency.

Cognitive biases, like dualistic thinking, can contribute to the belief in paranormal phenomena by selectively interpreting information and drawing conclusions based on pre-existing beliefs.