Week 3: Counseling and Helping Relationships
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Questions and Answers

Which counseling approach focuses on balancing acceptance and change?

  • Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
  • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
  • Existential Therapy
  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (correct)

    • What does the ABC model in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy examine the relationship between?

  • Attitudes, Behaviors, and Consequences
  • Activating events, Beliefs, and Consequences (correct)
  • Automatic thoughts, Beliefs, and Consequences
  • Activating events, Beliefs, and Conditions

    • Which key concept emphasizes personal responsibility and choice in behavior in Reality Therapy?

  • WDEP process
  • Life scripts
  • Strokes
  • Choice theory (correct)

    • What does Transactional Analysis analyze transactions between?

    <p>Child, Parent, and Adult ego states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed Existential Therapy?

    <p>Frankl and Yalom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy focuses on future-oriented solutions rather than problems?

    <p>Solution-Focused Brief Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Multimodal Therapy, what does BASIC ID cover?

    <p>Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which counseling skill involves restating the client's words in a condensed form to clarify understanding?

    <p>Paraphrasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the role of the unconscious in shaping behavior and personality?

    <p>Psychoanalytic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which therapeutic approach are the concepts of id, ego, and superego central to understanding thoughts and behaviors?

    <p>Psychoanalytic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach focuses on providing nonjudgmental acceptance to foster self-exploration?

    <p>Person-Centered Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of community and social connections?

    <p>Individual Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach views individuals as whole entities, considering mind, body, and emotions?

    <p>Gestalt Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach involves developmental stages that impact personality formation?

    <p>Psychoanalytic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Kinesics' refer to?

    <p>The study of non-verbal communication through body movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Johari Window model, what does the 'Blind Spot' quadrant represent?

    <p>Information known to others but not to self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of 'Paradoxical Intention'?

    <p>Encouraging a patient to engage in their most feared behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Proxemics' refer to?

    <p>The study of how people perceive and use personal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'Genograms' in counseling?

    <p>To look through past family history and various psychological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Catharsis' refer to in counseling?

    <p>Purging emotions after talking through painful feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of 'Client Autonomy' in counseling?

    <p>Recognizing and respecting clients' ability to make choices and decisions about their lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of using the Johari Window model in counseling?

    <p>To enhance self-awareness and mutual understanding through feedback and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hope and Optimism' in counseling emphasizes which aspect of the client?

    <p>Their potential for positive change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In counseling, what does the concept of 'the locus of pathology' refer to?

    <p>Identifying the system as dysfunctional instead of blaming the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic approach emphasizes the importance of community and social connections?

    <p>Reality Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bandura's behavior theory, how do people primarily grow and develop?

    <p>By responding to environmental stimuli and modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Adler's individual psychology, how is people's behavior influenced?

    <p>By birth order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freud's psychoanalysis, what motivates people?

    <p>Unconscious forces and biological instincts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis of Glasser's reality therapy?

    <p>Meeting needs and having purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Perls' Gestalt therapy, how are people viewed?

    <p>As part of their surrounding environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core concept of Ellis' Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)?

    <p>The inherent tendency to think badly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Jung's analytic psychology, what do people move towards?

    <p>Individual self-fulfillment and actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Counseling Theories

    • Psychoanalytic Theory (Sigmund Freud)

    • Unconscious mind plays a significant role in shaping behavior and personality

    • Three components of the psyche: Id, Ego, Superego

    • Psychosexual stages influence personality formation

    • Defense mechanisms protect the ego from anxiety

    • Person-Centered Theory (Carl Rogers)

    • Unconditional positive regard: nonjudgmental acceptance for self-exploration

    • Empathy and genuineness are core conditions for a therapeutic relationship

    • Self-actualization: facilitating clients' natural drive toward personal growth

    • Gestalt Therapy (Frederick Perls)

    • Focus on the "here and now": emphasizing present experiences and awareness

    • Holism: considering individuals as whole entities, including mind, body, and emotions

    • Techniques like empty chair and role-playing for self-discovery

    • Individual Psychology (Alfred Adler)

    • Striving for superiority: overcoming perceived inferiorities

    • Social interest: emphasizing community and social connections

    • Birth order influences personality development

    • Transactional Analysis (Eric Berne)

    • Ego states: analyzing transactions between Parent, Adult, and Child

    • Life scripts: unconscious life plans developed in childhood

    • Strokes: units of recognition or acknowledgment exchanged in social transactions

    • Existential Therapy (Frankl and Yalom)

    • Existential concerns: focusing on freedom, isolation, meaning, and death

    • Authenticity: encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their choices

    • Emphasis on the client's experience of existence

    • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

    • Developed by Marsha Linehan for emotion regulation and interpersonal effectiveness

    • Combining cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness strategies

    • Focus on dialectics, balancing acceptance and change

    • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Albert Ellis)

    • ABC model: examining the relationship between Activating events, Beliefs, and Consequences

    • Disputing irrational beliefs: challenging and changing irrational thoughts

    • Focus on changing cognitive processes to influence emotions and behaviors

    • Reality Therapy (William Glasser)

    • Choice theory: emphasizing personal responsibility and choice in behavior

    • Focus on the present: addressing current behaviors and choices

    • WDEP (Wants, Doing, Evaluation, Planning) process for problem-solving

    • Solution-Focused Brief Therapy

    • Future-oriented: focusing on solutions rather than problems

    • Goal-setting and scaling questions: tools for exploring client goals

    • Brief and goal-directed sessions

    • Narrative Therapy

    • Externalization of the problem: separating individuals from their problems

    • Storytelling: examining and reshaping the narratives individuals use to make meaning

    • Deconstructing dominant narratives to empower clients

    • Multimodal Therapy

    • Developed by Arnold Lazarus, integrating various therapeutic modalities

    • BASIC ID: conceptual framework covering Behavior, Affect, Sensation, Imagery, Cognition, Interpersonal relationships, and Drugs/biology

    • Tailoring interventions to individual needs across multiple dimensions

    Counseling Skills

    • Active Listening

    • Attending fully to the client, showing genuine interest, and providing feedback

    • Demonstrating understanding

    • Empathy

    • Understanding and sharing the client's feelings

    • Conveying a deep sense of compassion and connection

    • Reflective Skills

    • Reflecting on the client's emotions and thoughts to deepen self-awareness

    • Facilitating exploration

    • Questioning

    • Using open-ended and probing questions to encourage clients to express themselves

    • Exploring concerns

    • Paraphrasing

    • Restating the client's words in a condensed form to clarify and confirm understanding

    • Providing a concise overview

    • Summarizing

    • Reviewing and organizing key points in a session to enhance clarity

    • Providing a concise overview

    • Confrontation

    • Gently challenging clients' perceptions or behaviors to promote insight and self-awareness

    • Problem-Solving

    • Collaborating with clients to identify and explore solutions to challenges or issues

    • Cultural Competence

    • Demonstrating an understanding of and respect for diverse cultural backgrounds

    • Adapting counseling approaches accordingly

    • Facilitation of Expression

    • Encouraging clients to express themselves freely

    • Fostering a non-judgmental and safe space

    • Goal Setting

    • Collaborating with clients to set realistic and achievable goals

    • Fostering personal growth and change

    • Feedback and Reinforcement

    • Providing constructive feedback and positive reinforcement

    • Acknowledging clients' progress and efforts

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of psychoanalytic and person-centered theories with this quiz. Explore key points from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, including the unconscious mind, Id, Ego, Superego, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms. Delve into Carl Rogers' person-centered theory, covering concepts like unconditional positive regard and self-concept.

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