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Questions and Answers
What does maintaining peace in the face of chaos refer to?
What does maintaining peace in the face of chaos refer to?
Legal pluralism allows individuals to have multiple names that signify different rights and responsibilities.
Legal pluralism allows individuals to have multiple names that signify different rights and responsibilities.
True
What role do Wampum belts serve within the Haudenosaunee community?
What role do Wampum belts serve within the Haudenosaunee community?
They serve as historical records, legal instruments, and symbols of peace and unity.
The act of naming is seen as an exercise of __________ and authority.
The act of naming is seen as an exercise of __________ and authority.
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Match the following terms to their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms to their correct descriptions:
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What motivated Helen to plead guilty?
What motivated Helen to plead guilty?
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Angelina Napolitano killed her husband during the day.
Angelina Napolitano killed her husband during the day.
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How long was Helen's original sentence for manslaughter before it was reduced?
How long was Helen's original sentence for manslaughter before it was reduced?
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Angelina Napolitano was an ________ immigrant living in Canada.
Angelina Napolitano was an ________ immigrant living in Canada.
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What triggered the widespread petition campaign for Angelina Napolitano's clemency?
What triggered the widespread petition campaign for Angelina Napolitano's clemency?
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Match the individuals with their corresponding facts:
Match the individuals with their corresponding facts:
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The themes explored in Angelina Napolitano's case include domestic violence and motherhood.
The themes explored in Angelina Napolitano's case include domestic violence and motherhood.
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Wes indicated that Helen’s actions were motivated by the desire to protect her __________.
Wes indicated that Helen’s actions were motivated by the desire to protect her __________.
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What is one of the main issues that laws often regulate regarding individuals' rights?
What is one of the main issues that laws often regulate regarding individuals' rights?
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Laws governing marriage do not consider issues such as child custody and property division during divorce.
Laws governing marriage do not consider issues such as child custody and property division during divorce.
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Name a recent global movement related to marriage.
Name a recent global movement related to marriage.
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Laws related to __________ aim to protect the rights of children and prevent exploitation.
Laws related to __________ aim to protect the rights of children and prevent exploitation.
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Match the following laws to their primary focus:
Match the following laws to their primary focus:
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What aspect of law involves studying how newly constituted crimes lead to arrests and prosecutions?
What aspect of law involves studying how newly constituted crimes lead to arrests and prosecutions?
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Labour laws often support workplace discrimination based on gender and race.
Labour laws often support workplace discrimination based on gender and race.
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What do traditional laws regarding gender roles often lead to for individuals who do not conform?
What do traditional laws regarding gender roles often lead to for individuals who do not conform?
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What does legal whiteness refer to?
What does legal whiteness refer to?
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Iranian Americans are universally accepted as wholly white in society.
Iranian Americans are universally accepted as wholly white in society.
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What term do many Iranian Americans prefer to identify with instead of strictly 'white'?
What term do many Iranian Americans prefer to identify with instead of strictly 'white'?
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Whiteness is primarily defined by __________ and cultural markers.
Whiteness is primarily defined by __________ and cultural markers.
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What factor contributes to Iranian Americans forming a sense of solidarity with other marginalized groups?
What factor contributes to Iranian Americans forming a sense of solidarity with other marginalized groups?
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Iranian Americans fully embrace assimilation into mainstream culture.
Iranian Americans fully embrace assimilation into mainstream culture.
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What sentiment has significantly impacted the experiences of Iranian Americans post-9/11?
What sentiment has significantly impacted the experiences of Iranian Americans post-9/11?
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What term refers to individuals or groups who have privileged access to the legal system?
What term refers to individuals or groups who have privileged access to the legal system?
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Legality refers to the quality of being in accordance with personal beliefs.
Legality refers to the quality of being in accordance with personal beliefs.
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What was the reason that Millie faced a court order?
What was the reason that Millie faced a court order?
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Millie's appeal of her case signifies her refusal to accept the ruling __________.
Millie's appeal of her case signifies her refusal to accept the ruling __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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How did Millie demonstrate her resistance to the legal system's constraints?
How did Millie demonstrate her resistance to the legal system's constraints?
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Legal Outsiders are individuals who fully participate in the legal system.
Legal Outsiders are individuals who fully participate in the legal system.
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What is the term for the state of being in accordance with the law?
What is the term for the state of being in accordance with the law?
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What process involves labeling and differentiating groups based on physical or geographic characteristics?
What process involves labeling and differentiating groups based on physical or geographic characteristics?
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The legal status of Black individuals in Canada was straightforward and recognized them as equal citizens during the colonial era.
The legal status of Black individuals in Canada was straightforward and recognized them as equal citizens during the colonial era.
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What significant legal document was established in 1982 to provide legal protections for minority groups in Canada?
What significant legal document was established in 1982 to provide legal protections for minority groups in Canada?
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The journey of Black Canadians from slavery to citizenship is marked by significant legal battles and __________.
The journey of Black Canadians from slavery to citizenship is marked by significant legal battles and __________.
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Match the following periods or concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following periods or concepts with their descriptions:
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Which of the following was a significant aspect of the post-emancipation period for Black Canadians?
Which of the following was a significant aspect of the post-emancipation period for Black Canadians?
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Critical Race Theory focuses exclusively on historical racism without considering current structures.
Critical Race Theory focuses exclusively on historical racism without considering current structures.
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What was the impact of Canadian immigration policies on Black individuals prior to the 1960s?
What was the impact of Canadian immigration policies on Black individuals prior to the 1960s?
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Study Notes
Week 13 - Battered Women Defence
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Battered Women Defence is a legal argument used in criminal cases, primarily by women accused of crimes like homicide. It argues their actions were a result of prolonged abuse, often by an intimate partner. It isn't a standalone defence but often used with claims of self-defence or diminished responsibility.
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Helen Naslund's case demonstrates this defence. She was abused by her husband, Miles, for 26 years.
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On September 4th, 2011, after a violent confrontation, Helen shot Miles.
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Helen was charged with manslaughter and sentenced to 18 years in prison. This was one of the longest sentences for a Canadian woman for killing an abusive partner.
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Public outcry followed the case, leading to petitions demanding intervention from the Alberta Attorney General. Over 18,000 signatures were gathered.
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Advocacy groups like Women Who Choose to Live supported Helen's case, emphasizing the need for legal reforms on domestic violence.
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In 2021, Helen appealed her sentence, arguing it didn't adequately consider the domestic abuse she suffered. The appeal process highlighted that 86% of Canadian women offenders have experienced physical abuse.
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Helen expressed discomfort with media attention, although she appreciated public support. Her situation highlights the emotional toll of domestic violence. There was a call for societal changes in views toward domestic violence and how the legal system handles victims who retaliate against their abusers.
Angelina Napolitano
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Angelina Napolitano was an Italian immigrant living in Canada.
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In April 16, 1911, Napolitano killed her husband, who threatened her and their children in a series of abusive confrontations.
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Napolitano's case attracted significant media attention.
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Newspaper stories focused sympathy toward her as a mother and their circumstances.
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A clemency campaign emerged to advocate for her.
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The case highlighted themes of domestic violence, motherhood, and social expectations of women during the 1900's.
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Her sentence was initially a death penalty, later commuted to life imprisonment.
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Napolitano served 11 years and was released to work as a house cleaner.
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All of her children were taken from her and placed into foster care.
Week 12 – Legal Pluralism and Indigenous Legal Orders
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Legal pluralism describes a situation where multiple legal systems exist within a single geographical area.
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The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy's Great Law of Peace is a foundational legal framework.
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It emerged centuries ago to address conflicts amongst five Nations: Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
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The Great Law of Peace emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals and the natural world.
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Ceremonies and qualities of The Great Law of Peace are designed to heal loss and build peace (the Good Mind), the relatedness of all people—kinship, respect for and responsibility to the natural world, and consensus-based decision-making.
Week 10 – Criminalization, Racialization and Legal Personhood
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Sally Engle Merry outlined how everyday life can be criminalized, looking at such cases as labour discipline in British Africa, the Potlatch in Canada, and the regulation of sexuality, marriage and labor.
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The Potlatch, a ceremonial feast distribution, was criminalized in Canada in 1884, based on concerns about wasteful practices and defiance of law.
Week 6 - Jurisdiction and Indigenous Urbanism
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Jurisdiction is the power to apply and interpret laws.
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Mariana Valverde explored the complexities of jurisdiction, including its interplay with formal legal processes and social relations.
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Valverde highlights the importance of Indigenous governance, rights, and legal traditions.
Week 5 - Categorization, Racialization, Citizenship
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Neda Maghbouleh examined how American high school students navigate racial identity through institutional processes (such as filling out forms).
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Roya's experiences highlight the complexities of self-identification when these categories don't accurately reflect lived experiences or cultural backgrounds.
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Iranian Americans often face categorization as 'white/Caucasian', creating identity confusion and frustration due to their unique cultural and racial experiences.
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The concept of ‘whiteness’ was explored, distinguishing between legal (de jure) and social (de facto) classifications— highlighting experiences of discrimination that contradict classifications.
Week 4 – Law in Action – Community Regulation
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Bryan Palmer's week looked at community regulation, using the example of Charivari.
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Charivari was a noisy public protest against those who violated social norms through traditional practices.
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This was seen in European communities during the medieval period through the 1800’s, with emphasis on community disapproval of actions, such as those found in lower class groups.
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Cultural criminology was discussed, going beyond traditional definitions of crime to incorporate the role of culture, emotions, and media influence.
Week 2 – Legal Consciousness
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Stanger-Ross & Blomley examined the forced dispossession of Japanese-Canadians during WWII through documents & letters related to forced property sales, including protest and contestation issues.
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The letters emphasized the importance of property rights and consent, reflecting emotional and cultural attachments to one's land. They also highlighted the challenges raised regarding government legitimacy and moral standing when dispossession occurred without suitable compensation.
Week 1 – Legal Consciousness and Legal Outsiders
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Lesley Jacobs examined legal consciousness and the complexities of legal situations for outsiders.
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The case study of Millie is used as an example. Millie was ordered to complete community service for her actions.
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The case illustrates how people understand the law, and how outsiders navigate the legal system either through conformity or contesting actions perceived as unjust.
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Description
This quiz explores the Battered Women Defence, a legal argument used by women in criminal cases to show their actions were a result of prolonged abuse. It discusses Helen Naslund's case, which highlights the complexities of domestic violence and the public's response to her sentencing. Examine the implications of this legal defence and the advocacy efforts surrounding it.
