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Questions and Answers
What command is used in Windows Command Prompt to check the installed version of Python?
Which of the following is NOT a method to run Python code?
Why is indentation critical in Python programming?
What is the correct way to create a single-line comment in Python?
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Which of the following statements about variables in Python is true?
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When using triple quotes for multi-line comments, what is technically being used instead?
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What is the recommended number of spaces to use for indentation in Python?
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Which of the following environments is best suited for larger Python projects?
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Which of the following is true about Python variable naming rules?
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What is the result of executing the statement print('Hello ' + 'World!')?
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Which function would be used to convert an integer to a string in Python?
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Which of the following statements about variable types is correct?
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In the expression print(5 + 10), what is the output?
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Which output statement automatically adds spaces between variables?
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Which of the following is an example of a floating-point number?
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What will be the result of executing print('Age: ' + str(25))?
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What is a defining characteristic of tuples in Python?
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How can you access the last item in a tuple?
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Which operation can be used to join two tuples?
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Which method can be used to retrieve all keys from a dictionary?
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What happens if you attempt to add an item to a dictionary with a key that already exists?
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Which method would you use to remove an item from a dictionary by its key?
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Which statement is true about dictionaries in Python?
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What happens if you try to access a key that does not exist in a dictionary?
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What is the purpose of negative indexing in lists?
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Which method is used to add an item to the end of a list?
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How can you remove an item from a list if there are multiple occurrences of that item?
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What happens if you attempt to access an index that is out of range in a list?
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If you omit the start index when accessing a slice of a list, where does the slicing begin?
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Which method or keyword can be used to check if a specific item exists in a list?
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What is the result of the clear() method when applied to a list?
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How can you change the value of an item at a specified index in a list?
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What is the purpose of the 'else' keyword in exception handling?
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Which mode would you use with the open() function if you want to read data from a file without modifying it?
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What is the result of opening a file in Write Mode (w)?
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What will happen if you try to use Create Mode (x) on an existing file?
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What does the read() method of a file object do by default?
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How can you specify the number of characters you want to read from a file?
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What is the correct way to open a file in Python for both reading and writing, without truncating the file?
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What keyword is used to intentionally raise an exception in Python?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Python
- Most PCs and Macs have Python pre-installed.
- To check Python installation on Windows, use:
python --version
in Command Prompt. - Python can be downloaded for free from the official website if not installed.
Running Python Code
-
Command Line Execution: Save code in a
.py
file, navigate to its directory in command line, and execute usingpython filename.py
. -
Interactive Mode: Access the Python interpreter by typing
python
(orpy
). Execute code line by line. - Integrated Development Environment (IDE): Use IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, or IDLE for writing and running Python code efficiently. IDLE is best for beginners and lightweight tasks.
Python Indentation
- Indentation is essential in Python to define code blocks, unlike other languages where it is mainly for readability.
- Common practice is to use four spaces for indentation.
Python Comments
- Single-line comments start with
#
, ignored by the interpreter. - Multi-line comments can be created using multiple
#
or triple quotes ('''
or"""
), but the latter is a multi-line string.
Python Variables
- Variables are generic containers for data, without a fixed type.
- Variable naming rules: must start with a letter/underscore, cannot start with a number, case-sensitive, and must not be a reserved keyword.
- Examples of valid naming styles include camelCase, PascalCase, and snake_case.
- Variables can be assigned multiple values in one line.
- Use
print()
to output variable values, with+
for string concatenation and,
for automatic spacing.
Data Types
-
String (
str
): Sequence of characters enclosed in quotes (e.g., "Hello"). -
Integer (
int
): Whole numbers, both positive and negative (e.g., 5, -3). -
Float (
float
): Numbers with decimal points (e.g., 3.14, -0.001). - Negative indexing allows slicing from the end of strings.
Python Lists
- Lists store multiple items in a single variable, defined with square brackets.
- List items can be mixed data types and can have duplicate values.
- Access list items using indexing, with support for negative indexing.
- Use
in
keyword to check for item presence and assign new values via indexing. - Methods:
insert()
to add at specific index,append()
to add to the end,remove()
to delete an item, andpop()
to remove by index.
Python Tuples
- Tuples are defined with round brackets and also store multiple items.
- They are immutable, meaning items cannot be changed once set.
- Tuples support indexing and negative indexing similar to lists.
Python Dictionaries
- Dictionaries are defined with curly brackets and consist of key-value pairs.
- Items are ordered and mutable (items can be changed, added, or removed).
- Duplicate keys not allowed, but values can be duplicated.
- Access items using keys and methods like
get()
,keys()
, andvalues()
.
Python File Handling
- Use
open()
function for file operations, acceptingfilename
andmode
parameters. -
Modes:
-
Read (
r
): Default mode for reading data; does not modify the file. -
Append (
a
): Adds new data to the end of the file. -
Write (
w
): Overwrites existing content with new data. -
Create (
x
): Creates a new file and throws an error if it already exists.
-
Read (
- The
read()
method retrieves contents of a file, allowing you to specify character limits.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the basics of Python programming, specifically how to check for its installation and different methods to run Python code. It is ideal for beginners looking to familiarize themselves with Python's environment and execution methods.