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Questions and Answers
What defines a nuclear family?
What defines a nuclear family?
Which type of family comprises spouses and children from previous marriages?
Which type of family comprises spouses and children from previous marriages?
What is the primary basis for kinship in family structures?
What is the primary basis for kinship in family structures?
Which descent rule bases lineage on the male family line?
Which descent rule bases lineage on the male family line?
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What is neolocal residence in the context of family structures?
What is neolocal residence in the context of family structures?
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What is the primary process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms and values of their culture?
What is the primary process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms and values of their culture?
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Which component of socialization pertains to the methods of interaction that convey cultural norms and values?
Which component of socialization pertains to the methods of interaction that convey cultural norms and values?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an agent of socialization?
Which of the following is NOT considered an agent of socialization?
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What term describes the process of learning cultural practices, beliefs, and values within one's specific group?
What term describes the process of learning cultural practices, beliefs, and values within one's specific group?
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How does participation in the community contribute to an individual's development?
How does participation in the community contribute to an individual's development?
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Which statement best describes ‘tabula rasa’ according to John Locke?
Which statement best describes ‘tabula rasa’ according to John Locke?
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Which of the following outcomes is associated with successful socialization?
Which of the following outcomes is associated with successful socialization?
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What is the main difference between enculturation and acculturation?
What is the main difference between enculturation and acculturation?
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Which agent of socialization teaches children about attitudes, beliefs, behavior, culture, and ideals?
Which agent of socialization teaches children about attitudes, beliefs, behavior, culture, and ideals?
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What effect does group size have on conformity up to a certain point?
What effect does group size have on conformity up to a certain point?
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What are descriptive norms based on?
What are descriptive norms based on?
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Which type of conformity involves publicly changing behavior but not necessarily beliefs to avoid disapproval?
Which type of conformity involves publicly changing behavior but not necessarily beliefs to avoid disapproval?
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What triggers normative social influence?
What triggers normative social influence?
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Which of the following is an agent that shapes individuals' views on democracy?
Which of the following is an agent that shapes individuals' views on democracy?
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In the context of deviance, what can it potentially bring about?
In the context of deviance, what can it potentially bring about?
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What concept does the Elite Values Model highlight in political decision-making?
What concept does the Elite Values Model highlight in political decision-making?
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What role does mass media play as an agent of socialization?
What role does mass media play as an agent of socialization?
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What do normative social influence and informational social influence both have in common?
What do normative social influence and informational social influence both have in common?
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What is the primary function of the state as described in the content?
What is the primary function of the state as described in the content?
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How does the market model influence individual views on economics?
How does the market model influence individual views on economics?
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What characteristic defines compliance in terms of conformity?
What characteristic defines compliance in terms of conformity?
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What does the Structural-Functionalist framework suggest is a primary cause of deviance?
What does the Structural-Functionalist framework suggest is a primary cause of deviance?
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Which theory proposes that inability to achieve societal goals results in deviant behavior?
Which theory proposes that inability to achieve societal goals results in deviant behavior?
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In the context of social control, what are sanctions?
In the context of social control, what are sanctions?
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What type of sanctions are imposed by school authorities for rule violations?
What type of sanctions are imposed by school authorities for rule violations?
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Which characteristic of human rights indicates that they cannot be taken away?
Which characteristic of human rights indicates that they cannot be taken away?
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What does the term 'social institutions' refer to?
What does the term 'social institutions' refer to?
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Which theory links deviance to the oppression faced due to social labeling?
Which theory links deviance to the oppression faced due to social labeling?
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Which of the following best describes informal sanctions?
Which of the following best describes informal sanctions?
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What aspect does the Relational Approach to social institutions emphasize?
What aspect does the Relational Approach to social institutions emphasize?
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Which article of the UDHR emphasizes the right to equal protection under the law?
Which article of the UDHR emphasizes the right to equal protection under the law?
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What is one key belief associated with human dignity?
What is one key belief associated with human dignity?
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Which formal sanction could be considered positive?
Which formal sanction could be considered positive?
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How does the Conflict Perspective view deviant behavior?
How does the Conflict Perspective view deviant behavior?
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Study Notes
Week 1 - Becoming a Member of Society
- Becoming a member of society involves learning cultural pride, volunteering, effective communication, and sharing beliefs/values/culture. Community participation fosters personal growth.
- Socialization is the process of learning societal norms, values, and behaviors; it begins in childhood and continues.
- Socialization has three significant aspects:
- Social context: culture, language, social structures (e.g., social class, ethnicity, gender).
- Content and Process: content transmitted (ideas, beliefs, behaviors), process of transmission (methods of interaction).
- Results: adopted behaviors, attitudes, and values that enable effective societal functioning.
- Enculturation is the transmission of cultural practices, beliefs, and values within a specific group.
- Acculturation is learning through another culture.
- Agents of Socialization and Enculturation:
- Family: primary agent, teaching attitudes, beliefs, behavior, and ideals.
- Schools: second home, teach interests, goals, and impart knowledge.
- Peer groups: influence attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.
- Mass media: shape attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and culture.
- Pluralist Model: emphasizes diverse groups and individuals in shaping political decision-making.
- Market Model: emphasizes competition and market forces in shaping economic outcomes.
- Dominant Ideology Model: widely accepted and promoted ideas, beliefs, and values by those in power.
- Elite Values Model: wealthy and powerful individuals have disproportionate political influence.
- Religion: shapes views, legitimizes practices, can cause social change, and provides stability.
- State: reinforces appropriate behavior, upholds rights and responsibilities.
- Major Social/Historical Events: shape societies (wars, revolutions, social movements, technological advancement).
Week 2 - Conformity, Deviance, and Social Control
- Conformity is aligning actions, beliefs, and attitudes with others.
- Factors affecting conformity:
- Cohesiveness: higher attraction to a group leads to higher conformity.
- Group size: conformity increases with size, up to around 3, then decreases.
- Descriptive norms: rules based on common behaviors.
- Injunctive norms: rules based on expectations.
- Causes of conformity:
- Normative social influence: desire for acceptance and avoidance of disapproval.
- Informational social influence: desire to be correct.
- Types of conformity (Kelman):
- Compliance: public change in behavior to avoid disapproval.
- Identification: public and private change to fit in temporarily.
- Internalization/Acceptance: permanent public and private change.
- Deviance: violating societal norms.
- Views on deviance:
- Structural-Functionalist: deviance results from structural tensions and lack of moral regulation.
- Structural Strain Theory: inability to achieve societal goals leads to deviance.
- Subcultural View: different subcultures create different values and behaviors.
- Symbolic-Interactionist: deviance is socially constructed (labeling theory).
- Conflict Perspective: deviance results from conflicts between major groups.
- Control Theories: deviance stems from inadequate societal control.
- Social control: techniques to prevent deviant behavior.
- Sanctions: means of social control.
- Formal sanctions: official consequences (positive or negative).
- Informal sanctions: consequences from smaller groups (positive or negative).
- Human dignity: inherent right to respect and fair treatment.
- Human rights: freedoms and protections based on inherent worth.
- UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights): 30 articles, a common standard for human rights.
- Characteristics of human rights: universal, fundamental, indivisible, absolute.
Week 3 & 4 - Social Institutions, Family, and Kinship
- Social institutions: organized sets of norms, beliefs, rules to maintain order.
- Perspectives on social institutions:
- Institutional Approach: ordered sets organizing human behavior.
- Relational Approach: social relationships are prioritized.
- Social institutions include family, economy, religion, education, health.
- Filipino family: oriented towards family, filial attachment, centrality.
- Issues related to Filipino family: declining marriage rates, increasing annulment rates, domestic violence.
- Kinds of families:
- Nuclear family: parents and children.
- Extended family: multiple generations.
- Reconstituted family: spouses and children from previous marriages.
- Kinship: social structure based on blood or marriage ties.
- Family and Rules of Descent: classifications based on descent lines, maintaining solidarity.
- Matrilineal: descent through female line.
- Partilineal: descent through male line.
- Bilineal: descent through both male and female lines.
- Marriage residence rules: affect family structure (neolocal, patrilocal).
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of socialization and enculturation, focusing on how cultural pride, communication, and community participation contribute to personal growth. It covers the significant aspects of socialization, including social context, content, process, and results. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective societal functioning.
