Socialization and Culture in Society

Socialization

• Socialization teaches individuals to become functioning human beings who must fit into several groups and be productive members of society.
• Family is the most important agent of socialization.
• The self, consisting of self-awareness and self-image, is a product of social experience, according to George Herbert Mead.

Culture

• Culture is a set of knowledge and beliefs that help us become better people.
• Cultural patterns are the behaviors, customs, and traditions that are common to a particular group of people.
• Culture shock is the feeling of disbelief, disorganization, and frustration experienced when encountering cultural patterns different from one's own.
• Cultural relativism posits that all cultures are of equal value and should be studied neutrally.
• Ethnocentrism is the belief in the superiority of one's own culture over others.
• Xenocentrism is the belief in the superiority of foreign cultures over one's own.

Social Institutions

• Social institutions are stable clusters of values, norms, statuses, roles, and groups that develop around basic social needs.
• Education is responsible for instructing society's members in the knowledge, values, and skills deemed important.
• Religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things.
• Economy produces, manages, and distributes society's human and material resources.
• Government is responsible for establishing and enforcing laws.

Family

• Family of orientation refers to the family into which a person is born and raised.
• Family of procreation is the family a person creates through marriage and having children.
• Nuclear family consists of a father, mother, brothers, and sisters.
• Extended family includes relatives beyond the nuclear family.
• Patrilineal descent traces lineage through the father's family.
• Bilateral descent traces lineage through both the mother's and father's families.
• Patrilocal residence means the married couple lives with the husband's family.
• Neolocal residence means the married couple establishes a new home independent of both families.
• Egalitarian families involve equal authority between husband and wife.

Indigenous Peoples

• The Philippines has a large number of indigenous ethnic groups.
• The Igorot people live primarily in the Ifugao province of the Central Cordillera region in Northern Luzon.
• The Mandayas tribe is a non-Christian group located in Mindanao.

Social Science

• Social science is the study of human behavior, organizations, communities, and societies.
• Social science disciplines include anthropology, economics, geography, political science, psychology, history, sociology, and demography.
• Social science is an empirical science, based on observation and data analysis.
• Social science is concerned with the development of citizen-related traits and understanding human relationships.
• Social science aims to understand how humans interact with their environment.
• Social science helps us understand how humans satisfy their needs.

Social Issues

• Indigenous communities actively participate in mitigating climate change.
• The Philippines has a large population of overseas Filipino workers, leading to challenges in family dynamics.
• Delayed marriage is becoming increasingly common.
• Same-sex marriage was legalized in the Netherlands in 2001.
• Indigenous peoples in the Philippines are among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups.

Other important facts

• Leisure and recreation are now recognized as major social institutions, particularly in Western societies.
• Mass media are forms of communication that reach a large audience, such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and movies.
• Social inequality limits or harms a group's social status, class, and social circle.
• Deviant behavior may be tolerated, approved, or disapproved of in society.
• Status refers to a person's position in society.
• Role refers to the expected behavior associated with a particular status.