Week 1 – A Criminology of Pleasure
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Questions and Answers

How does Aristotle differentiate pleasure from happiness?

  • Pleasure is always positive and good, while happiness may not be.
  • Pleasure is linked to physical sensations, whereas happiness is emotional.
  • Pleasure is a transient feeling, while happiness is enduring. (correct)
  • Pleasure is the same as happiness in all contexts.

    • According to Jeremy Bentham's ‘hedonic calculus,’ what factors are essential for measuring pleasure?

  • Intensity, duration, and pain relativity. (correct)
  • Duration, quality, and social acceptance.
  • Satisfaction, ease, and duration.
  • Intensity, duration, and novelty.

    • Which of the following does NOT represent one of the key varieties of pleasure identified by Thomas Hurkle?

  • Being in a good mood.
  • Intellectual pleasure from reading.
  • Counted pleasures from achieving wealth. (correct)
  • Physical pleasure.

    • What is a common misconception about pleasure being defined as an absence of pain?

    <p>Absence of pain is always a desirable state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparing people with numerous intense pleasures to someone with a singular pleasure like reading, what philosophical question arises?

    <p>Who leads the morally better life?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Epicurus emphasize regarding pleasure?

    <p>Pleasure is not inherently bad, but its pursuit can have negative consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosophy is primarily concerned with the happiness or pleasure of the greatest number?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Marquis de Sade known for regarding personal freedom?

    <p>Arguing for extreme personal freedom in the pursuit of pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does utilitarianism view the relationship between morality and pleasure?

    <p>Right and wrong should be determined by the outcomes, particularly in terms of pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception about Epicurus's philosophy of pleasure is commonly held?

    <p>Epicurus encouraged unrestrained indulgence as the path to happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Sigmund Freud suggest is primarily responsible for driving human behavior?

    <p>The libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Epicurus describe the pursuit of unnecessary desires?

    <p>It creates anxiety and discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In criminology, how is pleasure often viewed in terms of criminal behavior?

    <p>As a driving force that can motivate crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pleasure principle (Eros) oppose in Freud's theory?

    <p>The death principle (Thanatos)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is discussed in relation to understanding the motivations behind criminal acts?

    <p>Pleasure subculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, how are irrational behaviors in the financial market explained?

    <p>By factors that are irrational and pleasurable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the motivation for punishment in social actions?

    <p>It could be explained as a pursuit of pleasure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical perspective on pleasure regarding consumer behavior in the economy?

    <p>It fosters consumer satisfaction and spending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Week 1 – A Criminology of Pleasure

    • Pleasure is not universal; two people may not experience the same pleasure.
    • Pleasure is something felt, tied to experience and knowledge.
    • Is pleasure a singular entity? Can pleasure from drugs be the same as pleasure from spending time with family?
    • Pleasure can be defined as the absence of pain; but is the absence of pain always a good thing?
    • Aristotle differentiated pleasure from happiness.
    • Jeremy Bentham identified 14 types of pleasure.
    • He attempted a "hedonic calculus" to measure pleasure, based on intensity and duration.
    • Are intense pleasures better than milder ones?
    • Can we compare people with multiple intense pleasures to someone with fewer, but different, pleasures?
    • Thomas Hurkel identified four types of pleasure:
      • Simple, localized (physical) pleasures.
      • Simple, extended (good mood) pleasures.
      • Pleasures from success (e.g., scoring high on an exam).
      • Extended, overall satisfaction (life has been good).
    • Pleasure, intensity, and pain are complex concepts; can they be compared?
    • Pleasure can be defined as the absence of pain. But is this always a good thing?

    Philosophies of Pleasure

    • Pleasure as a social issue: Certain philosophies see pleasure as a major factor in shaping society.
    • The aim of life is to increase pleasure and reduce pain.
    • Pleasure is the highest good; actions that bring pleasure should be considered right.
    • Epicurus (340-270 BCE): Greek philosopher with a philosophy emphasizing pleasure; often associated with hedonism.
    • He did not advocate unlimited pleasure: argued that some pleasures lead to greater disturbances than the pleasure itself.
    • Marquis de Sade: Advocated for maximal personal freedom, especially in seeking pleasure.

    Criminology and Pleasure

    • Sadism: A tendency towards deriving pleasure from inflicting pain on others.
    • Utilitarianism: The belief that morally good actions maximize happiness/pleasure for the greatest number of people. It impacts policies, modern state and capitalism.
    • Sigmund Freud: More psychoanalytic, psychological perspective. Pleasure is connected to the libido (desire) which is contained in the ID and regulated by the ego.
    • Pleasure Principle versus Death Principle (Eros versus Thanatos): Opposing forces that influence behaviour.
    • Drug control: Criminology looks at the control/regulation of pleasure through drugs.
    • Criminalizing sexual behaviours: Discussion on the regulation of sexual behaviours from a criminological perspective.
    • Familiar explanations of crime include choice, economic compulsion, differential association and environment.
    • Could the pursuit of pleasure explain criminal motivation?
    • Jack Katz's 'Seduction of crime' argues crime is often pleasurable.
    • Subcultural approaches examine origins of pleasure in particular groups (e.g., graffiti artists).
    • Cultural criminology examines 'thrill and buzz' as motivations for crime.
    • Punishment: Exploring the potential for pleasure derived from punishing others.
    • Financial crash (2008): An example of where pleasure-driven decisions impacted economics.

    Criminology and Economic Incentives

    • Criminology can help in understanding economic incentives(wealth, power, prestige) and how they are related to pleasure.
    • Pursuing unnecessary desires can lead to more anxiety and discomfort than happiness.
    • A balanced life, with moderate desires, can lead to true happiness without the dissatisfaction of intense cravings.

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    Related Documents

    Week 1: A Criminology of Pleasure PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate concepts of pleasure, its definitions, and classifications as presented in Week 1 of our criminology course. Delve into philosophical perspectives from Aristotle and Bentham, and examine how different types of pleasure can influence individual experiences and societal norms.

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