Web Programming - Study Notes

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Questions and Answers

What does an intranet primarily allow access to?

  • Authorized users within a specific organization (correct)
  • Public users on the internet
  • Customers from around the world
  • Remote users without any authorization

Which of the following is NOT a web protocol used for transferring data?

  • NTP (correct)
  • FTP
  • HTTP
  • SMTP

What is the primary function of a web server?

  • To provide services to other web servers
  • To deliver content to clients like web browsers (correct)
  • To manage local intranet traffic
  • To store data for long-term access

What does the Domain Name System (DNS) allow users to do?

<p>Refer to servers by domain names instead of IP addresses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of a static website?

<p>Content that is the same for every visitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What identifies each computer connected to the internet?

<p>Internet Protocol address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a browser in web programming?

<p>To access and display web documents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the relationship among web pages and websites?

<p>Web pages are files that collectively form a website. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which programming language is primarily used to add interactivity to web pages?

<p>JavaScript (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of CSS in web development?

<p>To enhance the aesthetics and layout of web pages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DOM stand for in the context of web development?

<p>Document Object Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes allows for auto-completion of input fields in an HTML form?

<p>autocomplete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which HTML tag is used to create a break in a text?

<p><br> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'disabled' attribute in an HTML form element?

<p>To disable user input (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is not a semantic HTML element?

<div> (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which input type is best suited for user-selectable items like hobbies in a form?

<p>checkbox (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attribute is used to specify the maximum length of input in an HTML form element?

<p>maxlength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following frameworks is commonly used to develop responsive websites?

<p>Bootstrap (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of User Interface (UI) design?

<p>The functional organization and navigation elements on the page (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many main colors should be limited to in a website's color scheme?

<p>Four colors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which color scheme consists of colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel?

<p>Complementary Color Scheme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum acceptable font size for readability on a website?

<p>12px (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is white space important in web design?

<p>It makes the page look cleaner and easier to read (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a fluid layout in web design?

<p>Automatic width adjustment based on screen size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered poor practice in choosing fonts for a website?

<p>Choosing overly bright colors for text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does testing play in web design?

<p>To check how web pages display in different browsers and resolutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common location for navigation menus on most websites?

<p>Across the top or down the left side of the screen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Interaction Design (IxD)?

<p>To facilitate ease, efficiency, and enjoyment in using a site (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an analogous color scheme?

<p>Yellow, Lime, Green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of alignment in web design?

<p>It makes a site easier to use and visually appealing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about color selection for websites?

<p>All visitors find the same color scheme appealing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

W3C

The main international standards organization for the World Wide Web.

Intranet

A private network of interconnected devices within a company.

Internet

A network of interconnected computers.

Server

A computer program or device that delivers a service to another program (client).

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Web Protocols

A standard method for transferring data or documents over a network.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

The address assigned to each computer and device connected to the internet.

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Domain Name System (DNS)

A system that allows us to refer to websites using domain names instead of IP addresses.

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Website

A collection of web pages connected and grouped together, often belonging to a person, business, or organization.

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What is HTML?

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a language used to create web page documents.

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Is HTML a programming language?

HTML is not a programming language and is not case-sensitive.

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What does the element contain?

The 'head' element contains metadata about the HTML document, such as the document title, character set, and links to external stylesheets.

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What do meta elements provide?

Meta elements provide information about the HTML document, like character set, description, keywords, and author.

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What is the Document Object Model (DOM)?

The DOM (Document Object Model) is a programming interface for HTML documents. It represents the page structure as objects and allows manipulation of the page content, structure, and style.

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What's the default font size in HTML?

The default font size in HTML is 16 pixels.

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What does the 'value' attribute do?

The 'value' attribute assigns an initial value to an input field. For example, <input type="text" value="Volvo"> would display 'Volvo' as the initial value.

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What does the 'readonly' attribute do?

The 'readonly' attribute prevents users from editing the content in an input field. For instance, <input type="text" value="Volvo" readonly> would display 'Volvo' but not allow changes.

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What does the 'disabled' attribute do?

The 'disabled' attribute disables an input field, rendering it unusable. An example is <input type="text" disabled> which displays the field but prevents interaction.

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What does the 'size' attribute do?

The 'size' attribute controls the width of an input field. For example, <input type="text" size="20"> would create a field with a width of 20 characters.

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Interaction Design (IxD)

The art of creating user interfaces that are not only functional but also engaging and enjoyable to use.

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User Interface (UI) Design

The visual design of a website or app, focusing on the layout, appearance, and functionality of elements like buttons, menus, and forms.

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User Experience (UX) Design

The overall experience a user has when interacting with a website or app, encompassing usability, accessibility, and emotional response.

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Designing a Website

The process of planning and developing a website, taking into account user needs, functionality, and visual aesthetics.

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Complementary Color Scheme

A color combination that creates a strong contrast and vibrant feel.

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Triad Color Scheme

A color combination using three colors equidistant on the color wheel.

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Analogous Color Scheme

A color combination using colors next to each other on the color wheel.

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Placeholder Text

Placeholder text used temporarily during website design to visualize how content will look on a page.

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White Space

The empty space surrounding elements on a web page, contributing to visual clarity and readability.

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Navigation Menus

Navigation links used to move between different pages of a website.

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Fluid Layout

A website layout that adjusts its width automatically to fit the available space on different screen resolutions.

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Fixed Width Layout

A website layout with a fixed width, regardless of screen resolution.

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Mobile Website Version

A website designed specifically for mobile devices, offering a simplified experience.

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Browser Testing

Testing a website in various web browsers to ensure consistency and functionality.

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Website Consistency

The principle of maintaining a consistent look and feel throughout a website.

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Study Notes

Web Programming - Study Notes

  • W3C: The main international standards organization for the World Wide Web.
  • Internet: A network of interconnected computers.
  • Intranet: A private network of devices within a specific company.
  • Extranet: Allows partners, suppliers, and authorized customers to access a company's intranet.

General Concepts

  • Server: A computer program or device providing a service to another program (client).
  • Web Server: Delivers website content to clients (like web browsers).
  • Examples of web servers: Apache (AppServ), XAMPP, WAMP.
  • Communication Protocol (web servers & browsers): HTTP.
  • Web Protocols: Standard methods for transferring data/documents over a network (HTTP, SMTP, FTP, Telnet).
  • Internet Protocol (IP): Unique address assigned to each connected device.
  • Domain Name System (DNS): Allows using domain names (e.g., uobasrah.edu.iq) instead of IP addresses.
  • Uniform Resource Locator (URL): A specific address for accessing documents and resources on the Web.
  • Web Browsers: Used to access web pages, websites, and various digital content. Examples include Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Opera.
  • Web Page: Information on the Internet about a topic, business/person/organization.

Web Page Structure

  • Web Page: A file containing interconnected resources (text, images, audio, video).
  • Website: A collection of linked web pages.
  • Types of websites: Static, Dynamic.
  • Website Development: Involves identifying site goals, user interaction, and navigation flow.
  • Interaction Design (IxD): Making a site easy, efficient and user-friendly.
  • User Interface (UI) design: How users interact with the site, including buttons, links & menus.
  • User Experience (UX) design: Understanding user needs through observation and interviews to improve the site experience and create better functionalities.
  • Site Development: Developers communicate with designers, understand site goals, and present suggested solutions.

Website Design

  • Color Schemes: Utilize color wheels, limit color choices, and consider target audience.
  • Examples of color schemes: Complementary, Triad, Analogous.
  • Font and Size: Employ different fonts for headings and body text. Ensure text is readable (at least 12px). Use sufficient contrast between text and background colors. Avoid bright colors and unnecessary underlines. Use bold and italics for emphasis.
  • Placeholder Text: Placeholder text (like Lorem Ipsum) is used when actual content is unavailable.
  • White Space: Use white space to create an uncluttered and readable layout.
  • Navigation Menus: Consistent placement (e.g., top or left side).
  • Screen Resolution: Plan for fixed-width (specific pixel dimensions) and fluid layouts (percentage-based). Consider separate mobile versions of sites (e.g., m.yahoo.com).
  • Testing: Test in multiple browsers and screen resolutions.

Website Development

  • Web development: Includes HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), JavaScript, server-side programming, and database management. Tools such as Bootstrap and CMS (Content Management Systems) can assist.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

  • HTML elements: Provide structure for web pages; examples include headings (<h1> to <h6>), paragraphs (<p>), line breaks (<br>), centering tags, bold text, italic text, strikethrough text, superscript/subscript text, and larger/smaller text.
  • Comments: used for notes in the code.

HTML Input Types

  • Different input types (text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons).

HTML Attributes

  • Attributes: Properties assigned to HTML elements. Examples include value, readonly, disabled, size, maxlength, min, max, multiple, pattern, required, step, autofocus, height, width, list, autocomplete. Provide initial values, disable fields, establish limits and enforce validation rules.

Forms

  • Form attributes: Autocomplete (on, off), novalidate (disables validation). The enctype attribute specifies the form's data encoding. The target attribute dictates where to submit the form results, (e.g., a new window).

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