Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does HTML stand for?
What does HTML stand for?
HyperText Markup Language
HTML is considered a programming language.
HTML is considered a programming language.
False
What is the current version of HTML?
What is the current version of HTML?
HTML5
What is the purpose of the
tag in HTML?
What is the purpose of the
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Which tag is used to define a paragraph in HTML?
Which tag is used to define a paragraph in HTML?
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How many heading sizes are available in HTML, ranging from
to ?
How many heading sizes are available in HTML, ranging from
to ?
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Which tag is used to create a horizontal rule in HTML?
Which tag is used to create a horizontal rule in HTML?
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What is the purpose of the
character entity in HTML?
What is the purpose of the
character entity in HTML?
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What is the role of the alt
attribute in the <img>
tag?
What is the role of the alt
attribute in the <img>
tag?
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What is the purpose of <ul>
and <ol>
tags in HTML?
What is the purpose of <ul>
and <ol>
tags in HTML?
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What is the primary purpose of the <a>
tag in HTML?
What is the primary purpose of the <a>
tag in HTML?
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What does the href
attribute specify in the <a>
tag?
What does the href
attribute specify in the <a>
tag?
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What is the main purpose of the id
attribute in HTML?
What is the main purpose of the id
attribute in HTML?
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Which attribute allows you to open a linked document in a new browser window or tab?
Which attribute allows you to open a linked document in a new browser window or tab?
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HTML element names and attribute names are case-sensitive.
HTML element names and attribute names are case-sensitive.
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What is the recommended case style for HTML element and attribute names?
What is the recommended case style for HTML element and attribute names?
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The
The
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What is the purpose of the coords
attribute in the <area>
tag within an image map?
What is the purpose of the coords
attribute in the <area>
tag within an image map?
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What are the meta
elements in HTML used for?
What are the meta
elements in HTML used for?
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Which of these is NOT a block-level element in HTML?
Which of these is NOT a block-level element in HTML?
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Which of these is NOT an inline element in HTML?
Which of these is NOT an inline element in HTML?
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Study Notes
Web Programming Lecture 1
- Web Programming course, CS333-CS644
- Lecture 1 by Dr. Mohamed Abdelhafeez
HTML
- HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a platform-independent markup language for describing the content of web pages.
- Hypertext refers to the ability of web pages to link to other pages or resources.
- HTML is not a programming language; it's used to structure content.
- HTML can contain multimedia and provide links.
- Current version: HTML5
HTML4-XHTML
- XHTML: Extensible HyperText Markup Language
- A stricter version of HTML4, still used frequently.
What is HTML5?
- HTML5 is the latest standard for HTML and XHTML.
- Most modern browsers support HTML5.
- Reduced the need for external plugins (like Flash).
- Offers more markup to replace scripting.
- New form controls (calendar, date, time, email, URL, search).
- Video and audio elements for media playback.
- Canvas
- Improved local storage support.
HTML5 Support
- Support for HTML5 features varies by browser.
- The HTML5 Test website provides browser support scores.
Editing HTML
- HTML documents are created by typing the markup text in a text editor and saving with the .html or .htm extension.
- Web servers store HTML5 documents.
- Clients (browsers) request specific resources from servers.
- Servers respond by sending the requested file.
- The preferred homepage filename is index.html.
- If a browser doesn't request a specific file, the server returns index.html.
Creating HTML documents
- Simple text editors (Notepad, Wordpad, Textpad, Notepad++) can be used.
- Authoring tools (e.g., Microsoft Expression Web, Netscape Composer, Dreamweaver) are also available.
- Learning basic HTML with a text editor provides low-level control, manages page size and readability, allows integration of page components, and may include scripts or applets.
HTML Validation
- Use proper HTML, CSS3, and JavaScript syntax for correct browser processing.
- Validate your HTML5 code using http://validator.w3.org/.
HTML file Basic Structure
- An HTML file has two primary parts: Head and Body.
- HTML5 elements are defined using tags (markers).
- Example structure includes
<!DOCTYPE html>
,<html>
,<head>
,<body>
,</body>
,</html>
.
First HTML5 Example
- The
<!DOCTYPE html>
declaration is essential. - The
<html>
tag encapsulates the document. - The
<head>
section contains metadata (e.g., character set, title). - The
<body>
section holds the visible content.
Notes on First HTML5 Example
- The
DOCTYPE
declaration is crucial for standardized rendering. - Comments begin with
<!--
and end with-->
. - The
<head>
section includes metadata like character set and title. - The
<body>
section contains the page content.
HTML Basic Syntax
- Elements are defined by tags (opening and closing).
- The content enclosed by the tags is the element's content.
- Tags without content are called void tags (e.g.,
<hr />
).
HTML Title Tag
- The
<title>
tag defines the document's title, always placed inside the head section. - The title provides context in browser toolbars, search engine results, and favorites.
Basic Text Markup
- Basic formatting elements (i.e. paragraphs, headings, bolded, italicized text etc.)
HTML Paragraphs
- The
<p>
tag defines paragraphs, automatically adding space before and after each paragraph.
<br> tag
- The
<br/>
tag inserts a single line break.
HTML Headings
- Headings (
to
) used for structure and styling.
Font Styles
- HTML provides elements to style text fonts.
- For example, use
<i>
or<em>
for italics,<b>
or<strong>
for boldface text, etc.
Web Browser and HTML
- Web browsers ignore carriage returns, tabs, and extra spaces within HTML source code.
HTML Output Tips
- Extra spaces and line breaks in the HTML code are not displayed by the web browser.
Using   and
-
adds non-breaking spaces. -
<br/>
creates line breaks.
Preserving white space with HTML Tag
- The
<pre>
tag displays preformatted text, maintaining the original spaces and breaks.
Character Entities
- HTML entities represent special characters (e.g.,
<
,>
,&
).
HTML Images
- The
<img>
tag inserts images into a page. - The
src
attribute specifies the image file's location. - The
alt
attribute provides alternative text for visually impaired users or browsers having trouble displaying the image.
HTML Lists
- Use
<ul>
for unordered lists,<ol>
for ordered lists. - Each list item is enclosed with
<li>
tags. - Lists can be nested.
Linking on the Web
- Links create connections between webpages or web resources.
Hypertext Links
- Hyperlinks connect to resources like documents and images.
- The
href
attribute defines the target URL. - Text within
<a>
tags form the visual link. - Browsers typically underline and color hyperlinks, depending on default style settings
Targets within Documents - The id Attribute
- The
id
attribute in an HTML document identifies specific targets. - These are bookmarks, and have a presence in the linked document.
An image as a link
- Images can be used as links.
Create a mailto link
- Links can be created to send email.
The target Attribute
- The
target
attribute defines where the linked document is opened. - Values include
_blank
(new tab/window) and_self
(same frame).
HTML
- Client-side image maps define clickable areas within an image.
- The
<map>
tag contains<area>
elements to specify areas.
HTML coords attribute
- is always nested inside a
meta Elements
- Meta elements provide metadata for search engines.
- The
<meta>
element contains descriptive attributes (name
,content
).
HTML block level and inline elements
- HTML elements are categorized as block-level (e.g., headings, paragraphs) or inline (e.g., emphasis tags)
- Block level elements take up full width while inline elements only use width necessary.
Good Programming Practice
- Use lowercase for HTML elements and attribute names.
Useful links
- Links to helpful resources and documentation about HTML5.
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Description
This quiz encompasses the foundational concepts of HTML as introduced in the Web Programming Lecture 1 by Dr. Mohamed Abdelhafeez. It covers HTML definitions, its role in web page structure, and the advancements brought by HTML5. Test your knowledge on HTML4, XHTML, and the features that HTML5 offers for modern web development.