Web Programming: Applications and Benefits

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary role of web programming in today's digital landscape?

  • Designing database structures
  • Managing computer hardware
  • Developing operating systems
  • Creating, managing, and developing websites and web-based applications (correct)

What distinguishes an interactive website from a static one?

  • It is primarily for displaying text-based information.
  • It uses only HTML and CSS.
  • It is hosted on a dedicated server.
  • It allows user engagement through forms, animations, multimedia, and dynamic content. (correct)

Which technology is NOT typically used in e-commerce web programming?

  • JavaScript
  • Assembly Language (correct)
  • Python (Django/Flask)
  • PHP

What advantage do Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) offer over traditional web applications?

<p>PWAs provide an app-like experience, can be installed, work offline, and send push notifications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary characteristic defines 'progressive' in the context of Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)?

<p>Functionality designed to adapt and enhance the user experience across various browsers, starting with a basic version. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key indicator that a website might be a Progressive Web App (PWA)?

<p>The website prompts you to install it to your home screen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do service workers enhance the functionality of Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)?

<p>By providing offline functionality through caching and interfacing with APIs like the notification web API (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the manifest.json file in a Progressive Web App (PWA)?

<p>To provide information the operating system needs to install the PWA, such as the app name and icon set (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the W3C Internationalization (I18n) Activity play in web development?

<p>It ensures Web technologies support different languages, scripts, and cultures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following HTML tags is used to link an external CSS file to an HTML document?

<link> (D) Signup and view all the answers

In CSS, what is the purpose of a 'selector' in a style rule?

<p>To target the specific HTML element(s) to which the styling should be applied (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is data split before being transferred over the Internet?

<p>Divided into data packets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNS (Domain Name System) in transferring data over the Internet?

<p>It translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pieces of information is typically contained in the header of a network data packet?

<p>The length of the packet, synchronization bits, packet number, and destination address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

<p>IPv6 uses a 128-bit address format, while IPv4 uses a 32-bit format. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of subnetting an IP address range?

<p>To improve network efficiency and security by dividing a network into smaller segments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding web protocols and ports essential for software engineers?

<p>To design applications, diagnose issues, ensure compatibility, optimize performance, and comply with standards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

<p>HTTPS uses encryption for secure data transfer, while HTTP does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol ensures reliable data transmission by dividing data into packets and reassembling them at the destination?

<p>TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of SSL/TLS in securing web communication?

<p>To encrypt data transmitted between clients and servers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of web security, what is the purpose of a digital certificate?

<p>To authenticate a website's identity and enable encrypted connections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?

<p>Symmetric encryption uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, while asymmetric encryption uses a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary weakness of symmetric key encryption?

<p>The key needs to be shared securely between the sender and receiver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In asymmetric key encryption, what is the purpose of the public key?

<p>To encrypt messages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a digital signature primarily ensure?

<p>The data is from a verified source and hasn't been tampered with. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of hashing algorithms in web security?

<p>To convert data into a fixed-size string that cannot be easily reversed to its original form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

<p>To develop and maintain standards and protocols for the web (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the W3C contribute to web accessibility?

<p>By setting guidelines to make websites accessible to users with disabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'machine-readable data' refer to, and why is it important?

<p>Data formats that can be processed by computers without manual intervention, enabling automated communication between websites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly lists the three primary components of a web development system?

<p>Client-side programming, server-side programming, and database interfacing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of client-side web programming?

<p>Designing the layout, styling, and interactivity of web pages that the user interacts with directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of server-side web programming?

<p>To handle behind-the-scenes processes, such as managing requests from the client, processing data, and interacting with databases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between SQL and NoSQL databases?

<p>SQL databases use structured tables, while NoSQL databases allow for more flexible, unstructured data models. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do browser developer tools (DevTools) assist in web development?

<p>They allow developers to inspect elements, test CSS changes, view console logs for JavaScript errors, and analyze performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of responsive design testing in DevTools?

<p>To ensure websites appear and behave correctly on different screen sizes and devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) in web design?

<p>It controls the visual style of HTML elements, allowing for consistent and efficient design changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do CSS maintenance tools like Sass and LESS enhance CSS functionality?

<p>By adding features like variables, nesting, and modularity to standard CSS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of version control systems in web development?

<p>To manage and organize code versions, enabling collaboration and preventing data loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of branches in version control systems?

<p>To create separate copies of the project for working on different features or fixes without affecting the main codebase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using code libraries in front-end web development?

<p>They provide pre-written code for common tasks, helping developers avoid 'reinventing the wheel'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do web frameworks assist in controlling complex web applications?

<p>By providing pre-built functions and features, allowing developers to build more complex applications more efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of using open-source software in web development?

<p>It offers cost savings, community support, and customisation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to manage load times of web pages and applications?

<p>To create a positive user experience and improve search engine rankings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are effective strategies for reducing web page load times? (Select all that apply)

<p>Combining CSS and JavaScript files (B), Image compression and resizing (C), Browser caching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Web Programming?

Web programming involves creating, managing, and developing websites and web-based applications for various functionalities.

What are Interactive Websites?

Websites allowing user engagement through forms, animations, multimedia, and dynamic content.

How is Web Programming used in E-commerce?

Essential for building online stores, product catalogues, and secure payment processing.

What are PWAs?

Web applications providing an app-like experience, that can be installed, work offline and send push notifications.

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Benefits of Web Programming Applications?

Enhanced user engagement, secure online transactions and app-like experiences through the web.

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What does 'progressive' mean in progressive web apps?

They are designed to work for every user regardless of the chosen browser

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How to recognise a PWA?

Installation prompt, home screen icon, full-screen mode, offline functionality, and push notifications.

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Technical features of PWA's

PWAs are websites, they have the same basic features as any other website: at least one HTML page, which loads CSS and JavaScript.

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Describe how the service worker manages online and off-line behaviour

At a minimum, manages the caching that enables an online and off-line experience whilst also interfacing with API's such as the notification web API.

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What does the W3C Internationalization (I18n) Activity do?

The W3C Internationalization Activity works with W3C working groups and liaises with other organizations to make it possible to use Web technologies with different languages, scripts, and cultures.

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How is data transferred on the internet?

Data is transferred over the internet using a process that involves breaking data into packets, assigning IP addresses, and using DNS to facilitate communication.

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What are data packets?

Small units into which data is divided for transmission over a network.

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Information contained within a network data packet

Packets have a Header, Payload (Data) and Trailer area

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What is an IP Address?

A unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, enabling communication between devices and allows packets to be routed correctly.

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How is data transferred on the internet, and what roles do data packets, IP addresses, and the Domain Name System (DNS) play in this process?

Data is transferred on the internet by breaking it into smaller units called data packets, which are sent across networks using Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.

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What are web protocols?

Web protocols are rules and conventions that govern data exchange over the internet

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What is HTTP?

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): The foundation of data communication on the web, used for transferring web pages. Ports used: HTTP - Port 80.

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What is HTTPS?

HTTPS (HTTP Secure): An extension of HTTP with encryption (using SSL/TLS) for secure data transfer. Ports used: HTTPS - Port 443.

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What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): A suite of protocols managing data transfer on the internet.

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How does DNS work?

DNS (Domain Name System): Translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, acting as the internet's directory.

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What are encryption algorithms?

Mathematical procedures that convert plain text into unreadable ciphertext.

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What are SSL Certificates?

Digital Certificates: Digital certificates that authenticate a website's identity and enable encrypted connections (HTTPS).

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What are encryption keys?

Strings of characters used by encryption algorithms to encode and decode data.

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What is Symmetric Key Encryption?

Normally used for encryption data on secondary storage devices.

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What is asymmetric key encryption?

Using public and private key pairs

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What's the relationship between digital certificates and public keys?

Once a Digital Certificates is issued it is actually confirming that each Computer/Server is in fact who it says it is and then provides the public keys of each computer to the other so information can be transmitted securely.

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What are authentication and authorisation?

Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user, device, or application (e.g., passwords, biometrics).

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What are hash values?

Hashing converts input data (like passwords) into a fixed-size string (hash value) that appears random.

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What are digital signatures?

Digital Signatures: Encrypted hash values created using the sender's private key to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or document.

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What is Cross-site scripting?

Involves injecting malicious code into an otherwise safe website.

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How does big data affect web architecture?

Big data introduces vast amounts of information that need to be processed, stored, and analysed efficiently.

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What is data mining and it's impact on web architecture?

Data mining is extracting with advanced algorithms and large-scale data

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How does metadata influence web architecture?

Data that describes other data, including details like the file format, creation date, author, size, and usage.

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What is streaming service management?

Handling of continuos data streams

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What is the role of the W3C in web development?

W3C is responsible for developing and maintaining standards and protocols that ensure the interoperability, growth, and consistent behaviour of web technologies.

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What are the components of a web development system?

Three primary components: client-side programming, server-side programming, and database interfacing.

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What is front-end web programming?

Front end is the development of everything a user interacts with directly in their web browser.

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What is server-side web programming?

Server-side programming handles processing data and interacting with databases.

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What are code libraries?

Code libraries are collections of prewritten code that developers can use to simplify and speed up the development process.

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Study Notes

Data Transmission Using the Web

  • Web programming involves creating websites and web-based applications for various functions, like interactive sites, e-commerce, and PWAs.

Primary Applications include

  • Interactive websites engaging users with forms, animations, and dynamic content
  • Social media, blogs, online games, and data visualization tools are examples
  • These are built using JavaScript, HTML, and CSS
  • E-commerce entails online stores with shopping carts, user accounts, order tracking, and payment gateways
  • PHP, JavaScript, and Python (Django/Flask) are used alongside backend frameworks and secure communication (SSL/TLS)
  • Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) provide an app-like experience through web applications
  • PWAs provide offline access, push notifications, and installation, created using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript with frameworks (Angular, React, Vue.js) offering responsive experiences

Benefits of Web Programming Applications

  • Enhanced user engagement
  • Secure online transactions
  • App-like experiences through the web

Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)

  • Built to enhance the user experience across all browsers, starting with a basic version and progressively enhancing it
  • Responsiveness refers to adapting to various screen sizes, ensuring a consistent user experience on different devices
  • PWAs provide offline functionality using service workers to cache content
  • PWAs offer features of mobile apps, including push notifications, home screen installation, and full-screen mode
  • PWAs are always up-to-date, as web-based and updated automatically

Recognizing a PWA

  • Installation prompts in browsers, especially on mobile, after frequent visits
  • Home screen icons similar to native apps once installed
  • Full-screen mode that hides the browser's URL bar and navigation controls
  • Offline functionality because PWAs use service workers for caching
  • Push notifications similar to those of native mobile apps
  • Responsive design adapting to various screen sizes and devices

Technical Features of PWAs

  • PWAs can be identified in browser settings to differentiate websites and PWAs
  • PWAs have essential website features using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript client-side scripting
  • Javascript is for the client side front end and Python is in the back end
  • The JavaScript loads into a global Window object that accesses available Web APIs
  • PWA standards defined by W3C and include specific websites

Data Transmission

  • Data is transferred through packets, IP addresses, and the Domain Name System (DNS) to facilitate communication
  • Email message will break up into packets across a network, that do not always follow the same path
  • Computer then reassembles the packets to retrieve data

Data Packets

  • Units of data split for network transmission
  • Packets hold data portions, the sender's and receiver's IP addresses, and sequencing information
  • Packets are sent independently, then reassembled
  • Packets have a Header, Payload (Data), and Trailer

Header Information

  • Length of packet
  • Synchronization settings
  • Packet number and protocol
  • Destination and originating addresses

Payload Data

  • the delivery data in the packet, padded when packets are fixed-length

Trailer Data

  • indicates the end of the packet and includes error checking

IP Adresses

  • Enables correctly routed packets with unique device network identifiers
  • IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses unlike IPv6 that uses 128-bit addresses that support more devices

Domain Name System (DNS)

  • Translates domain names into IP addresses
  • Functions as an IP address directory
  • Uses a hierarchical lookup structure on domain name servers

The DNS process

  • Users type a domain name
  • The browser then sends a DNS query to a DNS resolver
  • The resolver searches cache for the IP adress
  • It will then proceed to start a root query in order to locate the IP address

Understanding Data Transfer

  • Optimizes network performance
  • Sets up web-based services, applications, and security protocols

Data Transfer Process

  • Data transfers over the Internet and breaks into data packets; it uses IP addresses for the sender and receiver
  • The Domain Name System (DNS) then translates the domain names into IP addresses

IPv4 Adresses

  • They consist of 4 decimal numbers that are separated by a period
  • They have an 8-bit octet where, 192 represents the first octet, 168 represents the second octet etc.

IPv6 Adresses

  • Due to the constraints of IPv4, IPv6 was created to accomodate more conections

IP Numbering

  • Network portion address, helping to route data
  • Further specification inside a network
  • Indicates a subnet or a specific range of addresses
  • Device Identification

Subnetting

  • Improves effeciency and Security by reducing the amount of broadcast traffic, or better allocation of IP adresses
  • Allows Better allocation for Ip Adresses and enhanced security by isolating segments and networks from departmental and geographical needs

Web Protocols and Ports

  • Web protocols govern data exchange
  • Understanding these protocols and their associated ports is crucial
  • Manages network communication
  • Ensures secure and efficient data transfer

Software Engineering Design and Development

  • Web protocols and ports allow programs to communicate with each other, optimize reliability, and establish securtiy

Diagnose and Troubleshoot

  • Web protocols and ports are used to identify bottlenecks, and resolve connection issues

Web protocols

  • HTTPS ensures data security
  • Compatibility and inter operability helps to translate interfaces
  • Optimizing helps maximize bandwith
  • Adherence to standards helps with existing infrastructure

Web addresses

  • HTTP communicates data used for transferring web pages
  • HTTPS - encryption data
  • PORT 80
  • PORT 443

TCP/IP

  • Its a suite of protocols that manage data transfer
  • TCP ensures reliable data by dividing it
  • IP handles addresses and routing

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