Podcast
Questions and Answers
What protocol do web servers use to serve web pages to clients?
What protocol do web servers use to serve web pages to clients?
Which of the following is a type of client program necessary for requesting web pages?
Which of the following is a type of client program necessary for requesting web pages?
What is a primary function of a web client?
What is a primary function of a web client?
What is the primary function of a DNS server?
What is the primary function of a DNS server?
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In which year was the Domain Name System (DNS) established?
In which year was the Domain Name System (DNS) established?
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Which web browser was created first?
Which web browser was created first?
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What was the original name of the Internet when it was first launched?
What was the original name of the Internet when it was first launched?
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Which web browser was released in 1993?
Which web browser was released in 1993?
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As of January 2021, what percentage of the global population were active internet users?
As of January 2021, what percentage of the global population were active internet users?
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Which web browser was introduced by Apple in 2003?
Which web browser was introduced by Apple in 2003?
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Which of the following milestones occurred in 2004?
Which of the following milestones occurred in 2004?
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In what year was 'Mozilla Firefox' introduced?
In what year was 'Mozilla Firefox' introduced?
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What is the primary structure that allows computers on the internet to communicate with servers?
What is the primary structure that allows computers on the internet to communicate with servers?
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Which of the following web browsers was launched by Microsoft?
Which of the following web browsers was launched by Microsoft?
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What was the main advantage of web browsers like Netscape Navigator and Mozilla Firefox over older browsers?
What was the main advantage of web browsers like Netscape Navigator and Mozilla Firefox over older browsers?
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Which type of internet connection provides a signal via a satellite?
Which type of internet connection provides a signal via a satellite?
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What significantly affects the internet speed of a cable connection?
What significantly affects the internet speed of a cable connection?
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Which internet connection type is described as faster and more reliable than cable or DSL?
Which internet connection type is described as faster and more reliable than cable or DSL?
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What is necessary for a wireless internet connection to work?
What is necessary for a wireless internet connection to work?
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What environmental factors can affect satellite internet connection quality?
What environmental factors can affect satellite internet connection quality?
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Which device is used to connect a computer to the internet via a cable television network?
Which device is used to connect a computer to the internet via a cable television network?
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What is the bandwidth of the leased line mentioned for the university's fiber backbone?
What is the bandwidth of the leased line mentioned for the university's fiber backbone?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a major service in the lab?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a major service in the lab?
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Which of the following types of connections does NOT rely on wires?
Which of the following types of connections does NOT rely on wires?
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Which internet connection is typically slower than fiber optic and cable internet?
Which internet connection is typically slower than fiber optic and cable internet?
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Which of the following accurately describes dial-up connections?
Which of the following accurately describes dial-up connections?
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What is the primary function of a dial-up modem?
What is the primary function of a dial-up modem?
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Which type of internet connection is described as being always on?
Which type of internet connection is described as being always on?
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What type of connections does broadband typically utilize?
What type of connections does broadband typically utilize?
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Which of the following statements about DSL connections is correct?
Which of the following statements about DSL connections is correct?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dial-up connections?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of dial-up connections?
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What advantage does broadband have over other connection types?
What advantage does broadband have over other connection types?
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Which device is typically used for establishing a broadband internet connection?
Which device is typically used for establishing a broadband internet connection?
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Why is dial-up considered the slowest type of internet connection?
Why is dial-up considered the slowest type of internet connection?
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What is a prerequisite for setting up a DSL connection?
What is a prerequisite for setting up a DSL connection?
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What is the primary function of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
What is the primary function of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)?
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Which of the following best describes downloading in the context of FTP?
Which of the following best describes downloading in the context of FTP?
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What is necessary to connect to an FTP server for restricted access?
What is necessary to connect to an FTP server for restricted access?
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What does FTP allow clients to do?
What does FTP allow clients to do?
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What type of connection does FTP allow for anonymous access?
What type of connection does FTP allow for anonymous access?
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Which process involves transferring files from a client to an FTP site?
Which process involves transferring files from a client to an FTP site?
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Which of the following statements about email is accurate?
Which of the following statements about email is accurate?
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What advantage does email have over traditional postal mail?
What advantage does email have over traditional postal mail?
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What type of files can be transferred using FTP?
What type of files can be transferred using FTP?
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What operation is NOT associated with FTP?
What operation is NOT associated with FTP?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Internet
- The internet is a global network of interconnected networks
- It uses TCP/IP protocols for communication
- Internet services facilitate worldwide communication and access to data resources
- Internet services include private, public, business, academic, and government networks
Computer Networks
- A network is a collection of computers, servers, peripherals, and other devices which are interconnected to share information and resources
- Two main types of computer networks are LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network)
- LANs connect devices in a small area, such as a building or office
- WANs connect devices over a large geographical area, such as a country or continent
Internet Protocols
- Protocols are rules governing data exchange between devices
- TCP/IP is a family of protocols for communication between computer devices
- TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
- Defines how electronic devices connect and transmit data across the internet
Internet Addressing
- Each device connected to the internet is assigned a unique IP address
- IP Version 4 (IPv4) addresses are 32-bit numbers expressed in dotted-decimal notation
- IP Version 6 (IPv6) addresses are 128-bit addresses
Host Name
- A unique identification for computers connected to the internet
- Example: alpha.ruh.ac.lk, matisse.csc.villanova.edu
Server Computer
- A powerful computer providing services to client computers
- Servers often have high processing power, memory, and storage capacity
- Examples include file servers, web servers
Client Computer
- A client computer requests resources from a server computer
- Examples include desktop computers, laptops, and smartphones
- Clients need client programs to access resources like web browsers for accessing web pages
Client-Server Architecture
- Client computers request resources from server computers and this process is known as Client-Server Architecture
- Client computers send requests over the network to servers
- These requests are handled by the server, and the server sends responses back to the client
Domain Name System (DNS)
- DNS is a hierarchical, distributed system that maps domain names to IP addresses
- DNS servers store databases of computer names and their corresponding IP addresses
History of the Internet
- The internet originated in 1969 as ARPANET
- Usenet was a network of discussion groups started in 1979
- TCP/IP was standardized in 1983
- DNS was established in 1984
- The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
Internet Usage
- As of January 2021, there were 4.66 billion active internet users worldwide, representing about 59.5 percent of the global population
- A significant portion (approximately 92.6%) of internet users access the internet through mobile devices
Ways of Connecting to the Internet
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide internet access
- Several methods exist for connecting to the internet, including dial-up, broadband, wireless etc
Dial-up Connection
- Connects to the internet via standard telephone lines
- It utilizes modems for data conversion
- Relatively slow compared to other methods
Broadband Connections
- Fast internet connection using Fiber optic, Cable, DSL and satellite technologies
- Allows simultaneous use of internet and phone lines
Cable Connection
- Connects to the internet through cable television networks
- Provides high-speed internet access
Fiber Optic Connection
- Uses fiber optic cables, offering significantly faster speeds than cable or DSL
Satellite Connection
- Connects to the internet using satellite technology
- Suitable for remote areas typically using a dish antenna
Wireless Connection
- Connects to the internet wirelessly using radio waves
- Provides a convenient way to connect to the internet without physical cables
Network Layout-Lab
- Diagram of a network showing components like computers and a switch
Major Services
- Includes FTP (File Transfer Protocol), electronic mail (email), and World Wide Web (WWW)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
- Utility for uploading and downloading files between computers
- Enables transfer of software, data, and text files between different computer types
- Electronic means of communication to send messages, notes, letters, etc. from one to another or multiple people
- Faster compared to traditional mail services
Telnet
- Remote computing utility that lets one computer access/control another over a network
World Wide Web
- Information system with interconnected web pages
- Uses hypertext links, making information readily accessible via internet
Internet Vs Web
- Internet is a vast collection of interconnected networks using standard protocols for communication
- Web is a system of interconnected pages stored on web servers, accessible via the internet and using hypertext
Web Server
- A system delivering content or services over the internet to web clients
- Facilitates HTTP communication, allowing web clients to request and receive web pages
URL
- Uniform Resource Locator, the address of a specific resource on the internet
- Includes protocol (http or https), domain name, and path
Web Site
- Collection of web pages providing related information or services
How the web works
- Web servers store web pages and these pages are requested by web clients
- Servers and clients communicate using HTTP protocol, which is an agreed language or set of rules
Web Client
- A program that accesses and displays web pages from web servers
History of Web Browsers
- Important browsers like Mosaic, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome have transformed the way internet is accessed
Web Searching
- Search engines like Google, Bing search for information on the web
- Users have options for narrowing or broadening search results to find relevant information
Search on Google
- Provides search tips like defining words or mathematical equations
- Shows common search techniques, such as excluding words or using exact phrases, to improve search results
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Description
Test your knowledge about web browsers, internet protocols, and the history of the World Wide Web. This quiz covers important milestones and functions of DNS and web clients. See how much you know about the tools that connect us to the digital world.
