Web 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0

• ICT refers to Information and Communications Technology

The Web and Its Versions

• Web 1.0 marked the first stage of the World Wide Web
• Web 1.0 consists of web pages connected by hyperlinks
• Web 1.0 is a static web page that cannot be manipulated by users
• Web 2.0 known as dynamic web allows the user to interact with page
• Web 2.0 allows the user to see differently than others
• Web 2.0 includes networking sites, blogs, wikis, hosted services, video sharing sites, and web applications
• Web 3.0 is known as Semantic Web
• Web 3.0 allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.

Features of Web 2.0

• Folksonomy is a feature of Web 2.0
• Folksonomy allows users to classify/arrange information using freely chosen keywords through tagging
• Rich user experience is a feature of Web 2.0
• Rich user experience means that content is dynamic and responsive to user's input.
• Websites that show local content are examples of rich user experience
• User participation means that anyone can add comments, reviews, and evaluations to a website
• Lazada, Shopee, and Amazon are examples where anyone can participate on the website
• Long tail provides services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.
• Long tail is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the internet.
• Software as a service allows users to subscribe to software only when needed
• Google Docs is an example of software as a service used to create and edit word processing and spreadsheets
• Mass participation has diverse information sharing through universal web access and content is based on people from various cultures

Problems of Web 3.0

• Compatibility issues exist since HTML files and current web browsers cannot support Web 3.0
• There are security concerns because the machine is saving user preferences.
• The vastness of the World Wide Web is a problem as it contains billions of web pages.
• Vagueness is a problem because certain words are imprecise depending on the user
• Logic is a problem because there are limitations for a computer to predict what the user is referring to

Trends in ICT

• Assistive Technology helps people, especially those with disabilities, increase, improve, and maintain their functional capabilities through equipment, software programs, or product systems
• Mobility aids include wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthotic devices
• Hearing aids
• Cognitive aids include computer or electrical assistive devices to help people with memory, attention, or other challenges in their thinking skills
• Computer software and hardware includes voice recognition programs, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications to help people with mobility and sensory impairments use computers and mobile devices
• Tools such as automatic page turners, book holders, and adapted pencil grips help learners with disabilities participate in educational activities
• Close captioning (CC)
• Physical modifications in the built environment enable persons with disabilities to play sports and be physically active
• Adaptive switches and utensils
• High-performance mobility devices
• Devices and features of devices help perform tasks such as cooking, dressing, and grooming with specialized handles and grips, devices that extend reach, and lights on telephones and doorbells

Collaborative Platforms

• Collaborative platforms aim to facilitate communication and interpersonal contact in corporate project work and serve as a virtual workspace where resources and tools are centralized.

Types of Social Media

• Social networks are sites that allow connection with others sharing common interests or backgrounds, like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
• Bookmarking sites are platforms for storing and managing links to various websites and resources; examples include Pinterest, Google, and Reddit
• Social news sites allow users to post their own news items or links to other news sources in forums.
• Media sharing sites allow users to upload and share media content such as images, music, and videos
• Blogs and forums allow users to post content

10 Commandments of Netiquette

• Remember the human
• Adhere to the same standards online that you follow in real life
• Know where you are in cyberspace
• Respect other people's time and bandwidth
• Make yourself look good online
• Share expert knowledge
• Help keep flame wars under control
• Respect other people's privacy
• Don't abuse your power
• Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

Malware

• Malware is an all-encompassing term for any type of malicious software
• A virus is a malware that self-replicates by inserting its code into other programs.
• A Trojan is a form of malware that installs into a computer pretending to be a reliable application
• Attackers use social engineering to conceal a trojan in genuine applications, in order to try and access consumers' systems
• Rogue security software is malicious software and online fraud that tricks consumers into thinking their computer has a virus
• Rogue security software tries to persuade consumers to pay for a phony malware removal program that installs malware
• Since 2008, malicious security software has posed a significant security risk to desktop computers and is considered a type of ransomware and uses scareware to control users
• SpySheriff and its clones were a primitive example that became infamous.
• A computer worm is a subset of Trojan horse malware that may spread or self-replicate from one computer to another without human activation, often through an Internet or LAN (Local Area Network) connection
• Spyware intrudes by taking private information and Internet usage data, and passes the information to advertising, data companies, or other users.
• Spyware is hard to detect
• A keylogger secretly records the keys pressed on a keyboard, such that the person is unaware their actions are being watched
• Keystroke logging is also known as keylogging or keyboard capture
• The person running a keylogger program can then get the data.
• Adware makes money for its creators by displaying banner ads on your screen, typically inside a web browser.
• Some adware types are extremely manipulative and provide a backdoor for dangerous software.
• Spam refers to spam messages that include malware.
• When readers open an email attachment or click on a link, they often download malware such as keyloggers, ransomware, Trojan horses, bots, info-stealers, cryptominers, spyware, and Trojans.

Intellectual Property Rights

• Intellectual property rights grant individuals rights over their creative works, often giving the inventor exclusive rights to utilize his or her creation for a set length of time.

Types of Plagiarism

• Direct plagiarism is the unattributed, unmarked transcription of a passage from another person's work word for word
• Self-plagiarism when a student submits their own prior work or combines portions of prior works without getting permission from all of the teachers concerned
• Mosaic plagiarism uses terms from a source without putting them in quotes or finds synonyms for the author's words while adhering to the general format and content of the original
• Accidental plagiarism fails to mention sources, incorrectly paraphrases them, or unintentionally uses similar terms, word groupings, and etc

Evaluating Information

• Accuracy indicates content is grammatically correct, verifiable, and cited when necessary.
• Author defines who created the content, the individual or group's credential/expertise, and provides contact information
• Currency indicates information is current and updated frequently.
• Fairness indicates content is balanced, presenting all sides of an issue and multiple points of view
• Search engines are programs that look for documents based from specified keywords and return these documents where found
• Major search engines include Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, Bing, and Lycos
• Relevance signifies content is relevant to the topic or research.

MS Word Shortcut

• Ctrl+A: Select all contents of the page
• Ctrl+B: Bold highlighted selection
• Ctrl+C: Copy selected text
• Ctrl+D: Open the font preferences window
• Ctrl+E: Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen
• Ctrl+F: Open find box
• Ctrl+I: Italic highlighted selection
• Ctrl+J: Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen
• Ctrl+K: Insert a hyperlink
• Ctrl+L: Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen
• Ctrl+M: Indent the paragraph
• Ctrl+N: Opens new, blank document window
• Ctrl+O: Opens the dialog box or page for selecting a file to open
• Ctrl+P: Open the print window
• Ctrl+R: Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen
• Ctrl+S: Save the open document
• Ctrl+T: Create a hanging indent
• Ctrl+U: Underline the selected text
• Ctrl+V: Paste
• Ctrl+W: Close the currently open document
• Ctrl+X: Cut selected text
• Ctrl+Y: Redo the last action performed
• Ctrl+Z: Undo last action

MS Word Popular Icons

• Save
• Undo
• Redo
• Paste
• Cut
• Copy
• Format Painter
• Font Face
• Font Size

MS PowerPoint Shortcut

• Ctrl+N: Create new presentation
• Ctrl+M: Add a new slide
• Ctrl+B: Make selected text bold
• Alt+H, F, S: Change the font size for selected text
• Alt+W, Q: Open the Zoom dialog box
• Ctrl+X: Cut selected text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+C: Copy selected text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+V: Paste cut or copied text, object, or slide
• Ctrl+Z: Undo the last action
• Ctrl+S: Save the presentation
• Alt+N, P, D: Insert a picture from your device
• Alt+N, S, H: Insert a shape
• Alt+G, H: Select a theme
• Alt+H, L: Select a slide layout
• Page Down: Go to the next slide
• Page Up: Go to the previous slide
• Alt+H: Go to the Home tab
• Alt+N: Go to the Insert tab
• F5: Start the slide show
• Esc: End the slide show
• Ctrl+Q: Close PowerPoint

MS PowerPoint Menu and Toolbars Overview

• The Home tab contains the cut and paste features, font and paragraph options, and tools for adding and organizing slides.
• The Insert tab is where you add something to a slide like pictures, shapes, charts, links, text boxes, video and more.
• Design covers themes, color schemes, and slide background formatting
• Transitions sets up how slides change from one to the next on the Transitions tab.
• Animation choreographs the movement of things on slides.
• Slideshow sets up the way a presentation is shown to others
• Review adds comments, run spell-check, or compare one presentation with another
• View allows you to look at your presentation in different ways depending on where you are in the creation or delivery process.
• File covers opening, saving, sharing, exporting, printing and managing presentations.
• Tools tab becomes available when clicking on certain parts of slides, such as pictures, shapes, SmartArt, or text boxes.

Microsoft Excel Parts

• The title bar displays the workbook name followed by a program name.
• The menu bar provides access to commands for tasks like opening/closing files, printing, formatting, and other operations
• Ribbon/Toolbar contains commands for common tasks, organized into tabs with groups of commands
• Group of commands
• The name box displays the address of the current selection or active cell
• The formula bar displays information entered in the current or active cell and can be used to edit cell contents
• Modern Excel versions have 16,384 columns
• Column headings are indicated by letters or combinations of letters
• Modern Excel contains 1,048,576 rows, each named by a number
• A cell is an intersection of a column and row with a unique address.
• A darkened border, called the cell pointer, identifies it
• Navigation buttons allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook; they display the first, previous, next, and last worksheets.
• A workbook is made up of three worksheets and labeled Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3
• Excel worksheets are made up of columns and rows, and to access a worksheet, click the tab that says Sheet#.

Worksheets Views

• Three ways to view a worksheet: normal view, page layout view, and page break preview

Excel Formulas Overview

• The XLOOKUP function finds things in a table or range by row, looking in one column for a search term and returning a result from the same row in another column
• The VLOOKUP function finds things in a table or range by row
• The COUNTIF function counts the number of cells that meet a criterion
• The IF function makes logical comparisons between a value and what you expect
• The SUMIF function sums the values in a range that meet specified criteria
• The SUMIFS tests multiple conditions and return a value based on those conditions
• The MATCH function searches for a specified item in a range of cells, and then returns the relative position of that item in the range.