Weathering and Earth’s Internal Heat Source Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is weathering?

  • The process of melting rocks due to high temperatures
  • The process of breaking down rocks at the Earth’s surface (correct)
  • The process of rock formation from mineral grains
  • The process of moving rocks from one location to another

    • Which type of weathering is caused by the effects of changing temperatures on rocks?

  • Carbonation
  • Hydrolysis
  • Gravitational pressure
  • Abrasion (correct)

    • Which chemical process involves the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts?

  • Hydrolysis (correct)
  • Oxidation
  • Hydration
  • Acidification

    • What is the process in which water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart?

    <p>Freeze-thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the primordial heat of the planet remain from according to the text?

    <p>Accretion – gases and dust of cloud attracted by gravitational energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of biological weathering that occurs when burrowing animals like shrews, moles, and earthworms create holes on the ground by excavation?

    <p>Biological Weathering by Physical Means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of heat from the decay of radioactive elements according to the text?

    <p>Radioactive decay – spontaneous breakdown of atomic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to gravitational pressure as an Earth's internal heat source according to the text?

    <p>Dense core material in the center of the planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Carbonation in weathering?

    <p>Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater and becomes weakly acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Oxidation cause in weathering?

    <p>The breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of Biological Weathering by Chemical Compounds?

    <p>Acidification caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide dissolution in rainwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of weathering can happen as cracks develop parallel to the land surface?

    <p>Exfoliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of heat in the Earth's interior?

    <p>Primordial heat from the planet's early stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of weathering is caused by rainwater reacting with the mineral grains in rocks to form new minerals and soluble salts?

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in which water continually seeps into cracks, freezes, and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart?

    <p>Freeze-thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical process involves the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty-colored weathered surface?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of weathering is caused by effects of changing temperatures on rocks, especially in places with little soil and few plants?

    <p>Freeze-thaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Gravitational pressure' contributes to which aspect of Earth's internal heat source?

    <p>Dense core material in the center of the planet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes exfoliation as a type of physical weathering?

    <p>Changing temperatures on rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does primordial heat of the planet remain from according to the text?

    <p>The early stage of development of Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main mechanisms of magma formation?

    <p>Decompression melting and flux melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of heat for endogenic processes according to the text?

    <p>Primordial heat from the planet's formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during partial melting of mantle rocks?

    <p>Only some parts of the rock melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of decompression melting as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Melting due to the reduction in pressure while maintaining temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of flux melting in magma formation?

    <p>Addition of volatiles like water to lower the melting point of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of magma as described in the text?

    <p>It is an extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located beneath Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological activities are correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet's interior towards the natural terrestrial surface?

    <p>Extrusive volcanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pressure is exerted on rock by the weight of overlying material?

    <p>Confining pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to a set of flat or wavy parallel cleavage planes caused by differential pressure?

    <p>Foliation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is produced when the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust?

    <p>Magma plutonites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a rock is close to its melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock, reducing the melting temperature and causing partial melting?

    <p>Flux melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for magma that moves up into a volcano without erupting?

    <p>Intrusive magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an eruption of magmatic materials that causes land formation on the surface of the Earth?

    <p>Extrusive eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process refers to all sorts of igneous geological activities taking place below the Earth's surface?

    <p>Plutonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for molten material in the form of lava that undergoes the process of crystallization on the natural terrestrial surface?

    <p>Volcanites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes rocks to change in form, composition, and structure due to intense heat and pressure, and sometimes with the introduction of chemically active fluids?

    <p>Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Weathering

    • Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles.
    • Thermal weathering is caused by the effects of changing temperatures on rocks.
    • Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of rock by acidic water to produce clay and soluble salts.
    • Frost wedging is the process in which water continually seeps into cracks, freezes and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.

    Internal Heat Source

    • The primordial heat of the planet remains from the Earth's formation.
    • Radioactive decay is the source of heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
    • Gravitational pressure contributes to the Earth's internal heat source.

    Biological Weathering

    • Biomechanical weathering is the type of biological weathering that occurs when burrowing animals like shrews, moles, and earthworms create holes on the ground by excavation.
    • Biological weathering by chemical compounds is an example of biological weathering, where organisms like plants and fungi release chemicals that break down rocks.

    Types of Weathering

    • Carbonation causes the formation of new minerals and soluble salts.
    • Oxidation causes the formation of a rusty-colored weathered surface, often on iron-rich rocks.
    • Exfoliation is a type of physical weathering caused by the expansion of rocks due to changing temperatures.
    • Sheeting is a type of weathering that can happen as cracks develop parallel to the land surface.

    Magma Formation

    • The primary source of heat in the Earth's interior is the primordial heat of the planet and radioactive decay.
    • Partial melting occurs when rocks are close to their melting point and some water or carbon dioxide is added, reducing the melting temperature and causing partial melting.
    • Decompression melting is the process of magma formation when rocks are subjected to decreasing pressure.
    • Flux melting is the result of magma formation when rocks are subjected to increasing temperature.

    Magma and Igneous Rocks

    • Magma is a mixture of molten rock, gas, and minerals that forms beneath the Earth's surface.
    • Igneous rocks are produced when magma cools and solidifies.
    • Intrusive rocks are formed when the process of crystallization takes place inside the crust.
    • Volcanic rocks are formed when magma undergoes crystallization on the surface of the Earth.
    • Plutonic rocks are formed when magma solidifies beneath the Earth's surface.

    Geological Processes

    • Endogenic processes are geological activities that occur beneath the Earth's surface.
    • Volcanic activities are correlated with the flow and transportation of igneous material from the planet's interior towards the surface.
    • Metamorphism is the process of rocks changing in form, composition, and structure due to intense heat and pressure, and sometimes with the introduction of chemically active fluids.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the process of weathering rocks at the Earth’s surface and the internal heat source of the Earth. Explore the types of weathering including physical, chemical, and biological processes.

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