Weather Types: Precipitation Forms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of classic sunshine recorders?

  • To calculate crop yields
  • To measure wind speed
  • To record the duration of bright sunlight (correct)
  • To estimate evapotranspiration
  • At what heights are anemometers generally placed for wind measurements?

  • 0.5m and 3m
  • 1m and 5m
  • 5m and 15m
  • 2m and 10m (correct)
  • Which type of anemometer is considered the most reliable?

  • Cup counter anemometer (correct)
  • Digital anemometer
  • Hot-wire anemometer
  • Sonic anemometer
  • What is a key characteristic to consider when using a wind vane?

    <p>It can be affected by nearby obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a wind cone measure wind conditions?

    <p>By indicating wind speed and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes convective precipitation compared to cyclonic precipitation?

    <p>It is shorter in duration but more intense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of precipitation is most commonly associated with thunderstorm activity?

    <p>Convective precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cyclonic precipitation typically compare to convective precipitation in terms of duration?

    <p>Cyclonic precipitation lasts longer than convective precipitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that causes orographic precipitation?

    <p>Uplifting of moist air over high ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of a mountain typically receives more precipitation, leading to the rain shadow effect on the opposite side?

    <p>Windward side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are measurements of weather data typically classified?

    <p>Automatic and Conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to measure wind speed?

    <p>Cup anemometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of rainfall intensity?

    <p>It is defined as the amount of rainfall per unit time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pyranometer?

    <p>To measure incoming solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a tipping bucket rain gauge measure rainfall?

    <p>Each bucket tip represents 0.2mm of rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Stevenson screen?

    <p>To shield instruments from direct weather effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thermometer would you use to measure temperature using resistance changes?

    <p>Resistance thermometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensors measures the rate of evaporation?

    <p>Evaporation tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be avoided in the surroundings of a weather station?

    <p>Nearby trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of weather broadcasts for farmers during seasonal rains?

    <p>To warn of impending rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which thermometer type is commonly used to measure temperature via voltage changes?

    <p>Thermistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the Campbell/Sunshine recorder?

    <p>It requires daily replacement of cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant financial benefit of using plastic sheeting during potential rain?

    <p>Saves about 60 US dollars per tonne of crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main objective of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)?

    <p>Conduct international agricultural research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major functions of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET)?

    <p>To organize and maintain observation stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of institution is the national meteorological service?

    <p>Scientific institution providing public meteorological services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is included in the responsibilities of meteorological institutions?

    <p>Studying weather factors affecting soil and crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is responsible for global collection and exchange of meteorological data?

    <p>World Meteorological Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit can farmers expect from saving 1% of their production through weather information?

    <p>Financial gain of about 60 thousand US dollars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a service provided by the national weather service?

    <p>Marine navigation assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precipitation is caused by the vertical motion of an ascending mass of air that is warmer than its environment?

    <p>Convective precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is present in the atmosphere in the lowest proportion?

    <p>Krypton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is described as the condensation of water vapor on a surface cooled below the dew point temperature?

    <p>Dew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is associated with agricultural meteorology training?

    <p>AGRHYMET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fog is characterized by visibility of less than what distance?

    <p>1 kilometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is commonly mentioned as variable in proportion within the atmosphere?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Precipitation

    • Convective Precipitation:

      • Typically intense but of shorter duration, often linked with thunderstorms.
      • Common in Southern Nigeria and during early rainy season in the North.
    • Cyclonic/Frontal Precipitation:

      • Results from large-scale vertical air motion related to low-pressure systems.
      • Moderate intensity, continuous, covering extensive areas; lasts typically 6-12 hours.
      • Common in Southern Nigeria and Southeast Asia.
    • Orographic/Relief Precipitation:

      • Caused by the uplift of moist air over high terrain.
      • Windward slopes receive more precipitation than leeward sides, which experience a rain shadow effect.
      • Precipitation levels depend on mountain size and alignment to prevailing winds.

    Measurement of Rainfall

    • Rainfall intensity is expressed as the amount of rainfall per unit time, with measurements categorized under fluxes.

    Weather Stations

    • Types:
      • Automatic weather stations (electronic) and Conventional weather stations.

    Instruments and Sensors

    • Cup Anemometer: Measures wind speed; uses solar power, collects data every 30 seconds.
    • Pyranometer: Measures solar radiation intensity.
    • Rain Gauge: Electric device with tipping bucket system; typically records rainfall per unit time.
    • Stevenson Screen: Houses thermometers to standardize air temperature measurement.
    • Piche Evaporimeter: Measures evaporation from surfaces and plant transpiration.
    • Campbell/Sunshine Recorder: Measures sunshine duration with burnable cards.
    • Earth Thermometer: Measures soil temperature.
    • Evaporation Tanks: Different types used to measure evaporation rates.

    Surroundings of Weather Stations

    • Should have a flat slope, low grass, minimal nearby trees, a power source, and secure fencing.

    Thermometers

    • Various types (alcohol in glass, mercury in glass, thermocouples, etc.) are used to measure temperature.
    • Sunshine recorders indicate bright sunlight duration by burning cards.

    Wind Measurement Instruments

    • Anemometers: Essential for knowing wind quantity; tallies wind speed at various heights.
    • Wind Vane: Indicates local wind direction; can be affected by nearby obstructions.
    • Wind Cone: Simple tool depicting wind speed/direction; commonly seen at airports.

    Meteorological Institutions

    • WMO: World Meteorological Organization, a UN specialized agency for worldwide meteorological observation and cooperation.
    • NIMET: Nigerian Meteorological Agency; maintains observation networks, evaluates data, and disseminates forecasts.
    • Other organizations include FAO, WWW, UNEP, and several research institutes focusing on agricultural meteorology.

    Atmospheric Composition

    • The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases, primarily:
      • Nitrogen: 78.09%
      • Oxygen: 20.95%
      • Argon: 0.93%
      • CO2: 0.03% (variable)
    • Other trace gases include krypton and helium.

    Condensation Phenomena

    • Dew: Formed from water vapor condensation on cooler surfaces.
    • Fog: Visibility is reduced to less than 1 km due to water droplets or smoke particles.
    • Frost: Occurs when temperature drops below freezing, creating icy deposits on the ground.

    Summary of Precipitation Types

    • Convective: Quick, intense, associated with thunderstorms.
    • Cyclonic: Moderate, longer-duration, wide-spread.
    • Orographic: Influenced by terrain; varied precipitation on slopes.

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    Description

    Explore the different types of precipitation including convective, cyclonic, and orographic. This quiz highlights the characteristics, intensity, and duration of each type, with a focus on regional examples, particularly in Nigeria. Test your knowledge of how weather systems influence precipitation patterns.

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