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Questions and Answers
In a float type rain gauge, the ______ moves up as rain is collected, driving a pen to record on a chart.
In a float type rain gauge, the ______ moves up as rain is collected, driving a pen to record on a chart.
float
What is the primary purpose of the siphon tube in a float type rain gauge?
What is the primary purpose of the siphon tube in a float type rain gauge?
Weighing and float type rain gauges are unable to accurately measure snowfall.
Weighing and float type rain gauges are unable to accurately measure snowfall.
False (B)
What is the main advantage of using automatic-radio-reporting rain gauges in mountainous areas?
What is the main advantage of using automatic-radio-reporting rain gauges in mountainous areas?
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Match the following types of rain gauges with their primary characteristic:
Match the following types of rain gauges with their primary characteristic:
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Which of the following is NOT a typical type of rain gauge used in the Philippines?
Which of the following is NOT a typical type of rain gauge used in the Philippines?
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Explain how automatic rain gauges work.
Explain how automatic rain gauges work.
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Doppler radars can only determine the location and intensity of precipitation.
Doppler radars can only determine the location and intensity of precipitation.
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Which of the following is NOT considered a form of precipitation?
Which of the following is NOT considered a form of precipitation?
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What is the primary unit used to express rainfall intensity?
What is the primary unit used to express rainfall intensity?
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Higher rainfall intensity can displace soil particles and lead to soil erosion.
Higher rainfall intensity can displace soil particles and lead to soil erosion.
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Hail is formed by the freezing of rain drops while falling through air at subfreezing temperatures.
Hail is formed by the freezing of rain drops while falling through air at subfreezing temperatures.
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What term describes the length of time that rainfall occurs?
What term describes the length of time that rainfall occurs?
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What is the primary cause of convectional precipitation?
What is the primary cause of convectional precipitation?
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The process where water vapour condenses to form ice crystals is known as __________.
The process where water vapour condenses to form ice crystals is known as __________.
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The graphical representation of rainfall intensity over time is called a __________.
The graphical representation of rainfall intensity over time is called a __________.
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Match the forms of precipitation with their descriptions:
Match the forms of precipitation with their descriptions:
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What does a rainfall return period indicate?
What does a rainfall return period indicate?
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What type of front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass?
What type of front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass?
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Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
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Snowflakes are formed when ice crystals fused together.
Snowflakes are formed when ice crystals fused together.
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Infiltration-excess runoff occurs when the soil can absorb rainfall at the same rate as it falls.
Infiltration-excess runoff occurs when the soil can absorb rainfall at the same rate as it falls.
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What happens to the air that gets heated close to the warm earth during convectional precipitation?
What happens to the air that gets heated close to the warm earth during convectional precipitation?
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What graphical representation displays the distribution of rainfall intensity over time?
What graphical representation displays the distribution of rainfall intensity over time?
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What does the area under the hyetograph represent?
What does the area under the hyetograph represent?
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The Symon's rain gauge can measure rainfall intensities at different time intervals throughout the day.
The Symon's rain gauge can measure rainfall intensities at different time intervals throughout the day.
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What is the diameter of the circular rim of Symon's rain gauge?
What is the diameter of the circular rim of Symon's rain gauge?
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The last measurement of rainfall using Symon's rain gauge should be taken at ______ ST.
The last measurement of rainfall using Symon's rain gauge should be taken at ______ ST.
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Match the following rain gauge types with their characteristics:
Match the following rain gauge types with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is a feature of the Symon's rain gauge?
Which of the following is a feature of the Symon's rain gauge?
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Rainfall measurements are usually made only once a day at 08.30 hours ST.
Rainfall measurements are usually made only once a day at 08.30 hours ST.
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What is the maximum rainfall Symon's gauge can measure without overflowing?
What is the maximum rainfall Symon's gauge can measure without overflowing?
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What is another name for a self-recording rain gauge?
What is another name for a self-recording rain gauge?
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A tipping bucket rain gauge can record snowfall.
A tipping bucket rain gauge can record snowfall.
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What is the purpose of the pencil point in a recording rain gauge?
What is the purpose of the pencil point in a recording rain gauge?
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The self-recording rain gauge is typically installed at a height of exactly ____ cm above ground surface.
The self-recording rain gauge is typically installed at a height of exactly ____ cm above ground surface.
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Match the following types of recording rain gauges with their characteristics:
Match the following types of recording rain gauges with their characteristics:
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Which component of the tipping bucket rain gauge tips when it receives 0.25 mm of rainfall?
Which component of the tipping bucket rain gauge tips when it receives 0.25 mm of rainfall?
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A weighing type rain gauge measures rainfall by using tipping buckets.
A weighing type rain gauge measures rainfall by using tipping buckets.
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What is the diameter of the receiver used in a tipping bucket rain gauge?
What is the diameter of the receiver used in a tipping bucket rain gauge?
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What type of front is formed when two air masses are drawn simultaneously towards a low pressure area?
What type of front is formed when two air masses are drawn simultaneously towards a low pressure area?
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Cold fronts cause precipitation that is spread over a large area.
Cold fronts cause precipitation that is spread over a large area.
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What is the phenomenon called when cold and warm fronts slide against each other?
What is the phenomenon called when cold and warm fronts slide against each other?
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Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is mechanically lifted over __________.
Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is mechanically lifted over __________.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of precipitation important for hydrologic forecasting?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of precipitation important for hydrologic forecasting?
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Tropical cyclones are larger in diameter compared to extra-tropical cyclones.
Tropical cyclones are larger in diameter compared to extra-tropical cyclones.
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Name two specific locations known for heavy orographic precipitation in India.
Name two specific locations known for heavy orographic precipitation in India.
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Match the type of precipitation with its description:
Match the type of precipitation with its description:
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Study Notes
Precipitation Forms
- Precipitation is any form of water particles falling from the atmosphere to the ground
- Drizzle: Light, steady rain of fine drops (less than 0.5 mm), low intensity
- Rain: Condensed water vapour falling in drops (greater than 0.5 mm)
- Glaze: Freezing of drizzle or rain on cold surfaces
- Sleet: Frozen rain falling through subfreezing air
- Snow: Ice crystals formed by sublimation (water vapor directly to ice)
- Snowflakes: Fused ice crystals
- Hail: Small ice lumps formed by freezing and melting in turbulent air
- Dew: Moisture condensed onto cool surfaces
- Frost: Ice deposits from frozen water vapor
- Fog: Thin cloud at ground level from atmospheric water vapor condensation
- Mist: Very thin fog
Precipitation Types
- Thermal Convection: Local thunderstorms in tropical areas. Warm air rises, cools, condenses, and forms clouds leading to storms. Called tornadoes if accompanied by destructive winds.
- Frontal Precipitation: Occurs when two air masses (different temperatures and densities) clash. This is at the 'front', or frontal surface of contact. Cold fronts move faster and cause intense, localized precipitation. Warm fronts produce less intense, wider area precipitation. Stationary and occluded fronts result when air masses are drawn towards a low pressure area.
- Orographic Lifting (Orographic Precipitation): Moist air is forced upward over mountains. This creates heavy precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. Example: Cherrapunji (Himalayas) & Agumbe (Western Ghats)
- Cyclonic Precipitation: Lifting of moist air converging into a low-pressure area. This happens due to uneven heating of Earth's surface creating pressure differences that move air. Tropical cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons) and extra-tropical cyclones cause wide precipitation depending on their diameter and wind speeds.
Precipitation Characteristics
- Depth: Rainfall depth accumulated over a specific period. Crucial for flood forecasting, water resource management, and agriculture.
- Duration: Length of time rainfall occurs. Longer durations affect infiltration, runoff, and soil erosion.
- Intensity: Rate of rainfall (mm/hour). High intensity can damage vegetation, lead to soil erosion, or cause flooding because of high impact energy from large raindrops.
- Frequency: Return period indicating how often rainfall of a specific amount occurs.
Rainfall Measurement
- Network of rain gauges (non-recording and recording types) measure precipitation
- Symon's rain gauge: Measures total daily rainfall.
- Recording rain gauges: Provide data on rainfall intensity and duration over time.
- Three types of recording rain gauges: Tipping bucket, weighing type and float type.
- Automatic radio-reporting rain gauge: Used in remote locations with no human intervention. It measures and transmit automatically and wirelessly to a remote server.
RADAR
- Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is used to locate precipitation, estimate its intensity, and determine the center of tropical cyclones. Advanced Doppler radars can estimate wind strength and analyze storm structure.
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Description
Explore the various forms of precipitation and their characteristics in this quiz. From drizzle and rain to snow and hail, understand how each type forms and the conditions that influence them. Test your knowledge on key concepts related to precipitation processes.
