Weather Definitions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a weather satellite?

  • Measures wind speed at ground level
  • Tracks humidity changes in localized areas
  • Detects atmospheric pressure fluctuations
  • Provides large-scale images of weather systems (correct)

Which term describes the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids?

  • Convection (correct)
  • Radiation
  • Conduction
  • Thermal Expansion

What characteristic does a high-pressure system typically bring?

  • Clear skies and stable conditions (correct)
  • High wind speeds with cloud coverage
  • Increased humidity and precipitation
  • Stormy weather and rain

Which component is NOT considered a part of weather?

<p>Circulation patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a thermometer in weather observation?

<p>To measure temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'albedo' refer to?

<p>The measure of sunlight reflected by a surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments measures wind speed?

<p>Anemometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do autotrophs primarily do within an ecosystem?

<p>Produce their own food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of atmospheric condition is typically associated with a low-pressure system?

<p>Heavy rainfall and storms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trophic level is characterized by organisms that eat secondary consumers?

<p>Top predators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of biomagnification in an ecosystem?

<p>Increased concentration of toxins at higher trophic levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'carrying capacity' refer to in population dynamics?

<p>The maximum population size an environment can support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mutualism?

<p>Both species benefit from the relationship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pollution primarily affect ecosystems?

<p>Introduces harmful substances into the environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an invasive species?

<p>A foreign plant species outcompeting local flora (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a biotic factor in the tundra environment?

<p>Cold temperatures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does eutrophication lead to in aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Decrease in dissolved oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of the boreal forest?

<p>Northern Canada's Taiga (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an abiotic factor affecting grassland ecosystems?

<p>Seasonal temperature variations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does photosynthesis occur within plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are examples found in the temperate deciduous forest?

<p>Deer and squirrels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

<p>Photosynthesis and cellular respiration support each other in a cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions can help reduce your negative impact on the environment?

<p>Using renewable energy sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

<p>To create glucose and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human activity is associated with deforestation?

<p>Loss of biodiversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does eutrophication typically have on aquatic ecosystems?

<p>Reduces oxygen levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a chemical change?

<p>Rusting of iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protons are used to determine which atomic characteristic?

<p>Atomic number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of using chemical fertilizers in agriculture?

<p>Eutrophication in water bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a physical change?

<p>Melting ice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does pollution have on soil?

<p>Damages soil structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health issues can extreme weather conditions lead to?

<p>Heatstroke or hypothermia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can changes in weather impact agriculture?

<p>Affects crop growth, irrigation, and harvesting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the lithosphere?

<p>Earth's solid outer layer, including rocks and soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does photosynthesis play in the ecosystem?

<p>Converts sunlight into glucose in plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order in the biological hierarchy from smallest to largest?

<p>organism → population → community → ecosystem → biome → biosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the concept of a niche?

<p>The role or function of an organism in its environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 10% rule in a food chain imply?

<p>Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'abiotic' components within an ecosystem?

<p>Non-living components of an ecosystem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when two reactants combine to form one product?

<p>Synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about a balanced equation?

<p>It represents the same number of atoms on both sides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of a neutralization reaction?

<p>Salt and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH range of acids?

<p>0 to 7 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator that turns red in the presence of an acid?

<p>Litmus paper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical property?

<p>Chlorine gas liquefies at -35°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of change is melting sodium chloride?

<p>Physical change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pH of 7 indicate about a substance?

<p>The substance is neutral. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Weather

The atmospheric conditions (temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, etc.) at a specific place and time.

Heat Sink

A material or environment that absorbs and retains heat energy.

Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.

Convection

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).

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Atmospheric Pressure

The force exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere on a given area.

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Humidity

The amount of water vapor present in the air.

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Radiation

The transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight.

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Albedo

The measure of how much sunlight is reflected by a surface (e.g., ice has a high albedo).

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Atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding Earth, like a blanket protecting us. It contains oxygen we breathe and protects us from harmful solar radiation.

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Ecology

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. It's like a detective story figuring out who lives where and how they survive.

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Hydrosphere

All the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and even groundwater. It's like a giant interconnected water system.

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Lithosphere

The solid outer layer of the Earth, including rocks and soil. It's like a hard shell on which we live.

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Biosphere

The regions of Earth where life exists, from the deepest oceans to the highest mountains. Think of a global ecosystem.

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Biotic

Living components of an ecosystem, like plants and animals. They are the actors in the ecological drama.

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Abiotic

Non-living components of an ecosystem, like sunlight, water, temperature, soil. They are the stage for the ecological drama.

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Photosynthesis

It converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose - plant food. It's like turning sunlight into sugars.

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Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain over the long term.

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Biodiversity

The variety of life in an ecosystem, including the number of species and their genetic diversity.

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Nutrient Cycles

The movement of nutrients through an ecosystem, such as the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and water.

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Invasive Species

A non-native species that spreads rapidly and disrupts the ecosystem.

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Biomagnification

The process of toxins becoming more concentrated at higher trophic levels in a food chain.

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Carbon Footprint

The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual or activity.

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Balanced Equation?

A chemical equation showing the same number of atoms of each element on both sides, ensuring mass is conserved.

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Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction where two reactants combine to form a single product.

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Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.

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Single Displacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where one element displaces another in a compound.

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Double Displacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange their elements.

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Combustion Reaction

A reaction where a substance combines with oxygen, often producing heat and light.

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Neutralization Reaction

A general reaction between an acid and a base, producing salt and water.

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Base

A compound with a pH greater than 7, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

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Tundra

A type of ecosystem characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and limited plant life, such as mosses and lichens.

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Boreal Forest

A type of forest dominated by coniferous trees, such as spruce and pine, found in Canada's north.

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Grassland

A type of biome with low precipitation, seasonal temperature variations, and grasses as the dominant vegetation.

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Temperate Deciduous Forest

A type of forest where trees lose their leaves in the fall, found in eastern Canada and parts of the U.S. and Europe.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP, using oxygen.

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Threatened species

A group of organisms that are threatened with extinction due to factors like habitat loss or human activity.

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Reducing environmental impact

Actions taken to minimize our negative impact on the environment.

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Deforestation

The clearing of forests for various purposes, such as logging, agriculture, or urbanization.

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Eutrophication

An excess of nutrients, often from fertilizers, leading to excessive algal growth in water bodies, causing oxygen depletion and harming aquatic life.

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Pollution

The release of harmful substances into the environment, such as pollutants from industries, vehicles, or agriculture.

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Physical Properties

Describes properties that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. Examples include color, density, boiling point, and melting point.

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Chemical Properties

Describes a substance's ability to change into a new substance during a chemical reaction. Examples include flammability, reactivity, and corrosion.

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Chemical Change

A change that results in the formation of a new substance, altering the chemical composition of the original substance. Examples include burning wood, rusting iron, and cooking food.

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Study Notes

Weather Definitions

  • Weather: The atmospheric conditions (temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, etc.) at a specific place and time.
  • Heat Sink: A material or environment that absorbs and retains heat energy.
  • Conduction: The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
  • Convection: The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
  • Atmospheric Pressure: The force exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere on a given area.
  • Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air.
  • Radiation: The transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight.
  • Albedo: The measure of how much sunlight is reflected by a surface (e.g., ice has a high albedo).
  • Air Mass: A large body of air with consistent temperature and moisture levels.
  • High-Pressure System: An area where the atmospheric pressure is higher than the surrounding areas, typically bringing clear skies.
  • Low-Pressure System: An area where the atmospheric pressure is lower than the surrounding areas, often associated with precipitation and storms.
  • Meteorologist: A scientist who studies weather and atmospheric conditions.
  • Thermometer: A tool used to measure temperature.
  • Anemometer: An instrument used to measure wind speed.
  • Weather Map: A visual representation of weather conditions over a specific area.

Weather Components

  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Precipitation
  • Wind speed and direction
  • Atmospheric pressure

Extreme Weather

  • Extreme weather refers to severe or unusual atmospheric conditions that can cause significant damage or disruption.
  • Examples: Hurricanes, Tornadoes

Weather Observation Systems

  • Weather Balloon: Measures atmospheric conditions like temperature, humidity, and pressure at various altitudes.
  • Weather Radar: Detects precipitation and its intensity, helping track storms.
  • Weather Satellites: Provide large-scale images of weather systems and monitor cloud cover, storms, and weather patterns globally.

Effects of Weather

  • Human Health: Extreme heat or cold can cause health issues while air pollution worsens respiratory conditions.
  • Agriculture: Weather affects crop growth, irrigation, and harvesting.
  • Marine Industry: Weather impacts navigation, fishing, and shipping.
  • Forest Industry: Storms, droughts, and wildfires damage forests and logging operations.
  • Transportation: Severe weather disrupts travel, causing delays and accidents.

Ecology Definitions

  • Biosphere: The regions of Earth where life exists (land, water, air).
  • Atmosphere: The layer of gases surrounding Earth.
  • Hydrosphere: All water on Earth (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater).
  • Lithosphere: Earth's solid outer layer (rocks and soil).
  • Ecology: The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
  • Biotic: Living components of an ecosystem (plants, animals).
  • Abiotic: Non-living components of an ecosystem (sunlight, water).
  • Biological Hierarchy: Organism → population → community → ecosystem → biome → biosphere.

Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

  • Photosynthesis: Converts sunlight into glucose (in plants).
  • Cellular Respiration: Breaks down glucose to release energy (in all organisms).
  • Food Chains: Linear sequence showing energy flow from producers to top consumers.
  • Food Webs: Interconnected food chains showing energy flow in an ecosystem.
  • 10% Rule: Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next trophic level; 90% is lost as heat.

Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems

  • Populations: Groups of the same species in a specific area.
  • Community: Different populations living and interacting in an area.
  • Ecosystem: A community and its abiotic environment.
  • Habitat: The physical area where an organism lives.
  • Niche: The role or function of an organism in its environment.
  • Producers: Organisms that make their own food (e.g., plants).
  • Consumers (1°, 2°, 3°): 1°: Herbivores (eat producers). 2°: Carnivores/Omnivores (eat herbivores). 3°: Top predators (eat 2° consumers).
  • Herbivores: Animals that eat plants.
  • Carnivores: Animals that eat other animals.
  • Omnivores: Animals that eat both plants and animals.
  • Trophic Levels: Levels in a food chain/web based on energy flow.
  • Autotrophs: Organisms that produce their own food (e.g., plants).
  • Heterotrophs: Organisms that consume others for energy.

Nutrient Cycles

  • Water Cycle: Movement of water (evaporation, condensation, precipitation).
  • Carbon Cycle: Exchange of carbon between organisms, soil, and the atmosphere.
  • Nitrogen Cycle: Conversion of nitrogen into usable forms by bacteria and plants.

Population Dynamics

  • Exponential Growth: Rapid population increase under ideal conditions.
  • Limiting Factors: Factors that restrict population growth (e.g., food, space).
  • Carrying Capacity: Maximum population size an environment can support.

Ecological Relationships

  • Mutualism: Both species benefit.
  • Commensalism: One benefits, the other is unaffected.
  • Parasitism: One benefits, the other is harmed.
  • Competition: Organisms compete for resources.
  • Biodiversity: Variety of life in an ecosystem.

Threats to Biodiversity

  • Extirpated: Locally extinct but found elsewhere.
  • Endangered: At risk of extinction.
  • Threatened: Likely to become endangered.
  • Special Concern: Sensitive to environmental changes.
  • Pollution: Harmful substances introduced into the environment.
  • Bioaccumulation: Toxins build up in an organism over time.
  • Biomagnification: Toxins increase in concentration at higher trophic levels.
  • Invasive Species: Non-native species disrupting ecosystems.

Human Activities and Their Impacts

  • Deforestation: Cutting down forests, increasing greenhouse gases, destroying habitats.
  • Overfishing: Removing too many fish, disrupting the food web.
  • Acid Rain: Releases gases that damage the environment.
  • Pollution: Introduction of harmful substances into the ecosystem.
  • Eutrophication: Excessive nutrients in water causing algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

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