Weather and Climate Study Guide Chapters 1-8

Which of the following factors would have the net effect of making a place warmer in the summer?

Cloud cover reduces both the daily high and daily low temperatures.

Summer temperatures along the California coast are cooler than along the coast of South Carolina, due to the influence of:

A primary reason for drawing isotherms on a map of temperature values is to allow:

The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the southern hemisphere is much smaller than in the northern hemisphere. Why?

During a typical day, the lowest temperature usually occurs about midnight.

A location on a windward coast refers to a place where the prevailing wind is:

The annual temperature range is quite small near the equator. This is true primarily because:

A poleward moving (northward moving in the Northern Hemisphere) ocean current is:

Which of the following associations is CORRECT?

How is the annual mean temperature calculated?

The annual temperature range at most latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere is much smaller than that in the Northern Hemisphere. The reason for this is that:

The melting point of ice is 32°C.

The most important cause of temperature variations is:

Surface air temperatures rise and fall more slowly over land areas.

The warmest temperature ever recorded in the United States occurred in Death Valley, CA.

Overnight temperatures are warmer when the air is humid because:

An isotherm on a map:

Locations that have the same Sun angle always have very similar temperatures.

Which type of lifting mechanism results from warm air lifting over cold air?

Sinking or subsiding air cannot form clouds due to the:

In which phase do water molecules have the lowest kinetic energy?

The temperature of rising air parcels ________ as they move upward.

A stable atmosphere is one in which:

The attractive forces between the hydrogen atoms in one water molecule and the oxygen atoms in another molecule are known as:

The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is:

These two conditions, working together, will make the atmosphere the most unstable.

The capacity of the air to hold water vapor:

All of the following are lifting mechanisms in the atmosphere EXCEPT:

What is the primary difference between concepts of weather and climate?

Studies have shown that the average ozone depletion is greatest over which area?

Water vapor represents what fraction of the air near the Earth's surface?

Scientific hypotheses are rejected when they do not agree with observed data.

While ascending through the atmosphere, which region are you most likely in if the temperature rises from -48°C to -18°C over the last 10 km?

With an increase in altitude, air pressure:

The 'weather sphere' is in the:

Which of the following outlines the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

This atmospheric component absorbs damaging ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

Which of the following is the MOST important atmospheric component with regard to the Earth's climate and the formation of weather systems?

Weather and climate are synonymous terms.

The four thermal layers of the atmosphere in order beginning from the surface are:

Ninety percent of our atmosphere lies below an altitude of about:

Weather influences people, but people don't influence weather.

The ozone layer is found in the:

Which two gases make up a combined total of 99% of clean, dry air in the homosphere?

The basic elements of weather and climate include all of the following, except:

Which one of the following is the MOST abundant gas in the atmosphere?

The term meteorology:

A scientific hypothesis may be regarded as a tentative explanation of observed facts or events.

Ozone:

The summit of Mt. Everest (8.85 km) is found in the:

Ozone is concentrated in the:

Which of the following statements is an expression of climate?

What best explains the 'bumps' seen in the CO2 concentrations on the graph?

According to current scientific theory, what is the likely reason for the upward trend in overall CO2 concentrations?

Atmospheric pressure is caused by:

On average, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature:

Assuming the average value of the environmental lapse rate, what would be the temperature in the troposphere at a height of 3 km if the temperature at the surface is 20°C?

In the process of scientific inquiry, a theory is best defined as:

During natural processes, heat transfer is always from:

Heat:

Fairbanks, Alaska (65°N), has more hours of daylight in June than Miami, Florida (26°N).

Over the course of this year, the tilt of Earth's polar axis will:

The Earth receives energy from the Sun by:

Which of the following does NOT happen to solar radiation as it passes through the atmosphere?

Low sun angles result in reduced solar energy because:

Most of the solar energy absorbed by planet Earth and its atmosphere is absorbed by:

The absorption of longwave radiation by certain gases in the lower atmosphere is responsible for:

The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on approximately:

Pure white sunlight contains all of the colors of the visible light spectrum.

The length of daylight gets progressively longer going south from the equator on:

Deserts, with their very dry air, experience cool nighttime temperatures because of a weaker greenhouse effect.

The longest day of the year in the United States occurs on:

Snow-covered surfaces have a low albedo.

The primary cause of Earth's seasons is:

The process of ________ involves the movement or circulation of a mass or substance.

Of the following choices, the surface with the HIGHEST albedo is:

The primary factor which determines what type and how much radiation an object emits is its:

Which of the following correctly describes the equinoxes?

The atmosphere is highly ________ with respect to solar radiation.

Seasonal temperature variations are due primarily to the changing distance between the Earth and the Sun.

Clouds are most likely to ________ incoming solar radiation.

Which of the following gases is the best absorber of ultraviolet light?

What would happen on Earth if the Sun were 'turned off' and ceased to provide heat?

Most of the radiation emitted by the Earth and its atmosphere is in the category of:

The 90-degree angle rays strike the Tropic of Cancer on:

Which of the following gases does not absorb any portion of incoming solar radiation?

At 45 degrees S latitude, the angle of the noon Sun is lowest and the length of daylight is shortest on:

The wavelengths emitted by the Earth are:

The primary purpose served by surface ocean currents is to:

Isotherm lines do not always pass directly through observing station locations.

Surface air temperatures rise and fall more slowly over land areas.

Comfortable room temperature is roughly 22°C.

Which of these factors influences the sensation of temperature that the human body feels?

What type of severe weather event killed up to 35,000 people in Europe during the summer of 2003?

How is the daily maximum temperature affected by the presence of clouds?

Locations on Earth which have the largest annual temperature change from summer to winter are often:

Consider the isotherm map of the United States shown above. Which of the following is the best realistic estimate of the current temperature at the spot marked by an X?

Which of these factors influences the sensation of temperature that the human body feels?

A place located along a windward coast: