Waves: Types and Classifications
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Questions and Answers

What is a wave?

A vibration or disturbance in space.

How are waves classified?

Waves are classified by what they move through and how particles move through them.

What material do waves move through?

Medium

What are electromagnetic waves?

<p>Waves that can travel through matter or empty space where matter is not present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of electromagnetic waves? (Select all that apply)

<p>ultraviolet rays (A), radio waves (B), microwaves (C), X-rays (D), visible light (F), infrared waves (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mechanical waves?

<p>Waves that require a medium to travel and need the particles of the medium to vibrate in order to transfer energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of mechanical waves? (Select all that apply)

<p>sound waves (A), water waves (B), earthquake waves (C), waves that travel down a rope or spring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are waves classified based on the way particles move through them?

<p>Waves are classified as either transverse or longitudinal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do particles move in a transverse wave?

<p>Particles move perpendicular to the motion of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wavelength?

<p>The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of a wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is amplitude?

<p>The distance from the midpoint of the wave to the crest or trough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do particles move in a longitudinal wave?

<p>Particles move parallel to the motion of the wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is compression?

<p>A crowded area in a longitudinal wave that causes a high-pressure region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rarefaction?

<p>A spread-out area in a longitudinal wave that causes a low-pressure region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is frequency?

<p>The number of waves that pass a fixed point in one second, measured in hertz (Hz).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is period (T)?

<p>The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a given point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is wave velocity (v)?

<p>The speed at which a wave travels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a wave hits a hard surface?

<p>Reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a wave enters a new medium?

<p>Refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a wave moves around an obstacle?

<p>Diffraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when two or more waves combine?

<p>Interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is constructive interference?

<p>When two waves combine to create a larger wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polarization?

<p>Filtering radiating light to allow only light traveling in one direction to pass through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is resonance?

<p>When one object vibrates another without touching, and the two objects resonate at the same frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a wave?

A disturbance or vibration that travels through space, transferring energy without transferring matter.

What is a medium?

The substance that waves travel through. Waves require a medium to move.

Electromagnetic waves

Waves that can travel through matter or empty space. They do not require a medium to propagate.

Mechanical waves

Waves that require a medium to travel. They cause particles in the medium to vibrate.

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Transverse waves

Waves whose particles move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

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Wavelength

The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in a transverse wave.

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Amplitude

The distance from the midpoint of the wave to the crest or trough in a transverse wave.

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Longitudinal waves

Waves whose particles move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

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Compression

A region of high pressure in a longitudinal wave caused by compression of particles.

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Rarefaction

A region of low pressure in a longitudinal wave caused by particles being spread out.

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Frequency

The number of waves that pass a fixed point per second. Measured in Hertz (Hz).

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Reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface it cannot pass through.

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Refraction

The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium. Caused by a change in wave speed.

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Diffraction

The spreading out of a wave as it passes through a narrow opening or around an obstacle.

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Interference

The combination of two or more waves.

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Constructive interference

When two waves combine to produce a larger wave. Occurs when crests and crests or troughs and troughs meet.

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Destructive interference

When two waves combine to produce a smaller wave or cancel each other out. Occurs when a crest and a trough meet.

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Polarization

The filtering of light waves to allow only vibrations in a specific direction.

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Resonance

When one object vibrates another object without touching it, causing the second object to vibrate at the same frequency. The amplitude of the second object increases.

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Study Notes

Waves

  • A wave is a vibration or disturbance in space.
  • Waves transfer energy without transferring matter.
  • Waves are classified by how particles move through them and the medium they travel through.

Electromagnetic Waves

  • Travel through matter or empty space.
  • Examples include radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Mechanical Waves

  • Need a medium to travel through.
  • Particles in the medium vibrate to transfer energy.
  • Examples include water waves, earthquake waves, sound waves, and waves traveling through a rope or spring.

Types of Waves: Classification Based on Particle Movement

Transverse Waves

  • Particles move perpendicular to the wave's motion.
  • Wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or trough to trough.
  • Amplitude is the distance from the midpoint of the wave to a crest or a trough.

Longitudinal Waves

  • Particles move parallel to the wave's motion.
  • Compression is a crowded area causing a high-pressure region.
  • Rarefaction is a spread out area causing a low-pressure region.

Wave Characteristics

  • Frequency (f): The number of waves that pass a fixed point per second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
  • Period (T): The time it takes a wave to travel a distance equal to its wavelength, measured in seconds. (T = 1/f)
  • Wave Velocity (v): The distance traveled by a wave crest in one period, measured in meters per second. (v = λ / T )

Wave Behavior

  • Reflection: When a wave hits a surface it cannot pass through, it bounces back.
  • Refraction: The bending of a wave as it enters a new medium due to a change in speed.
  • Diffraction: The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening.
  • Interference: When two or more waves combine;
  • Constructive Interference: When waves combine to produce a larger wave.
  • Destructive Interference: When waves combine to produce a smaller or nonexistent wave.
  • Polarization: Filtering radiating light (moves in all directions) to allow only light traveling in one direction.

Resonance

  • When one object vibrates another without touching, the two objects resonate at the same frequency, and the amplitude of the vibrating object increases.

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Waves: Definition, Behavior, and Classification PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of waves, including their definitions and classifications. Learn about electromagnetic and mechanical waves, as well as the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves. Test your knowledge on how waves transfer energy and the characteristics associated with different types of waves.

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