Waterway Design and Navigation

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What is a major concern for ports when it comes to infragravity waves?

They disrupt sensitive cargo transfer operations (correct)

They improve vessel steerability

They cause erosion of the port basin

They increase the depth of the access channel

What can trigger a seiche in a port basin?

A decrease in the port's water depth

A vessel entering the port basin

A sudden change in wind speed or atmospheric pressure (correct)

A gradual increase in water temperature

What is the main reason for considering currents in port design?

To improve vessel entrance and departure (correct)

To increase the width of access channels

To reduce sedimentation and erosion

To reduce the required depth of the access channel

What is an important factor to consider when designing the access channel of a port?

The cross currents that influence vessel steerability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to understand the nature of currents at a port site?

By conducting surveys and hydrodynamic modelling Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for ports located in extreme climate zones?

The impact of dense fog, snow, and ice on port operations Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of not considering infragravity waves in port design?

Downtime due to resonant surges Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of currents in ports?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the combination of sinkage and trim caused by uneven loading?

Squat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor in determining the number of navigation lanes required in a waterway?

Traffic intensity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cross-sectional widening on a vessel's navigation?

Decrease pressure at the bow of the ship Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a third navigation lane in a waterway?

To provide an overtaking opportunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the water flowing from the side of an expansion in a waterway?

Return current Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organization that provides design standards for waterborne transport infrastructure?

Water Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC) Signup and view all the answers

What type of wave is longer than gravity waves, with periods ranging from 20-600 seconds?

Infragravity waves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why infragravity waves are difficult to detect?

They cannot be easily seen by the naked eye Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of the port authority in a Landlord Port model?

Maintenance of port infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of port model typically results in monopolistic behavior that limits further addition of value to society?

Private Port Signup and view all the answers

What is a major disadvantage of the Public Service Port model?

Does not encourage competition Signup and view all the answers

What kind of development do successful ports typically undergo from their inception?

Continuous development Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor that determines the location, size, and shape of successful ports?

Natural access to the hinterland Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do private companies have in a Private Port model?

Maximum flexibility in investment Signup and view all the answers

Which port model places the private sector in charge of civil engineering infrastructure and equipment acquisition?

Build, Operate, and Transfer Signup and view all the answers

What natural feature is important for providing shelter from waves, winds, and strong currents?

Good harbor Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate throughput of an LNG terminal with 2 berths?

10 Mt/yr Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of port zoning?

To position berths and terminals Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate gross terminal area required for a container terminal with a throughput of 8 MTEU/yr?

400 ha Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for local zoning in port layout development?

Clusters within the port/industrial zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate berth productivity of a dry bulk terminal?

5 Mt/(berth · yr) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of benchmarking against throughput and physical dimensions of existing terminals?

To derive rules of thumb for terminal design Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a significant factor for the development of the port of Singapore?

Unique geographical position Signup and view all the answers

What often influences the decision to develop an existing port or locate a new one?

Access to a large hinterland Signup and view all the answers

How can good hinterland connections benefit a port?

Reduce logistics costs Signup and view all the answers

What is integrated into a larger infrastructure development plan during early port masterplanning?

Developing road, rail, and waterways Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not listed as a common port service area?

Tourist hotels Signup and view all the answers

What type of support craft is mentioned as requiring a base inside the port?

Oil spill response vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following services is explicitly mentioned as part of port water areas?

Water treatment Signup and view all the answers

One cost-reducing measure for port development is to:

Keep access channels short Signup and view all the answers