Water

Water's Role in Life Processes

• Water is crucial for various life processes, acting as a solvent, regulating temperature, aiding plant growth, and supporting aquatic life.
• Water dissolves substances, allowing for food absorption and waste product removal within organisms.
• Water helps regulate body temperature through sweating and evaporation, maintaining a stable internal environment.
• Plants rely on water to produce food through photosynthesis and absorb nutrients from the soil.
• Aquatic ecosystems depend on dissolved nutrients and oxygen in water for the survival of plants and animals.

Water Content in Living Things

• The human body comprises approximately 70% water, emphasizing its vital role in biological functions.
• Milk, tomatoes, wheat, and eggs have varying water contents, highlighting its presence in food sources.

Everyday and Additional Uses of Water

• Water is essential for basic needs like drinking, washing, cooking, and bathing, demonstrating its fundamental importance.
• Hydroelectric power stations utilize water's energy to generate electricity.
• Agriculture heavily relies on water for irrigation, showcasing its indispensable contribution to food production.
• Water serves as a medium for transportation, facilitating the movement of goods and people.
• Various manufacturing processes rely on water for its properties as a solvent and coolant.
• Water provides recreational opportunities through activities like swimming, boating, and water skiing.
• Water is a crucial fire extinguisher due to its cooling properties, signifying its important role in safety.

Solubility of Copper Sulfate

• An experiment demonstrates the effect of temperature on the solubility of copper sulfate in water.
• Heating a saturated solution of copper sulfate increases its solubility, allowing for more solute to dissolve.
• Cooling the saturated solution results in the precipitation of copper sulfate crystals.

Solubility

• The solubility of a substance refers to the amount of solute that dissolves in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature.
• Solubility is typically expressed in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent.
• The solubility of most substances in water increases with increasing temperature.

Importance of Water

• Almost 70% of the human body is composed of water, emphasizing its crucial role in maintaining life.

Sources of Water

• Water can be classified into two categories: surface water and underground water.
• Surface water includes rainwater, water bodies like rivers, lakes, streams, and oceans, with oceans containing significant amounts of dissolved salts.
• Underground water, commonly known as groundwater, is collected above non-porous rocks and can be accessed through wells and tube wells.

Water as the Universal Solvent

• Water is considered the universal solvent due to its exceptional ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.

Water Pollution

• Water pollution occurs when undesirable changes alter the physical, chemical, or biological conditions of water, making it harmful to life.
• Common causes of water pollution include domestic sewage, industrial wastes, pesticides, oil spills, acid rain, garbage dumping, and thermal pollution.

Eutrophication

• Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants caused by excess fertilizers entering water bodies.
• This process leads to oxygen depletion, ultimately harming aquatic life.

Control of Water Pollution

• Measures to control water pollution involve treating industrial and sewage waste, recycling waste products, promoting organic farming, using biodegradable detergents, increasing forest areas, and utilizing recycled wastewater.

Conservation of Water

• Conserving water involves reducing waste without compromising daily life, important for industrialization, agriculture, and mitigating groundwater overuse.

How Can Water Be Conserved?

• Increasing forest areas can enhance rainfall, contributing to water conservation.
• Recycling and reusing industrial and domestic wastewater can reduce water consumption.
• Drip irrigation systems efficiently deliver water to plants, minimizing waste.
• Implementing rainwater harvesting systems efficiently captures and stores rainwater.

Rajendra Singh's Contribution

• Rajendra Singh and his organization, Tarun Bharat Sangh, have significantly impacted water conservation.
• They have constructed over 5000 water-harvesting structures and revived five rivers in Rajasthan, restoring life in drought-prone villages.

Concept Map

• A concept map visualizes the interconnectedness of water sources, characteristics, pollution, and conservation.
• The map highlights the relationship between surface water (rainwater, rivers, lakes, oceans), underground water (groundwater, wells), and water pollution.

Water in Everyday Life

• Water plays a pivotal role in daily life, from fundamental needs to technological advancements.
• Water's properties as a solvent, coolant, and energy source are indispensable in various applications.