Water

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of water in the body?

  • Regulates blood pressure
  • Transportation of nutrients (correct)
  • Carries oxygen to cells
  • Stores energy

Which of the following is considered a normal source of water for pets?

  • Environmental moisture
  • Food, metabolic water & drinking water (correct)
  • Urination
  • Only drinking water

What is the acceptable maximum level of total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water?

  • 10,000 ppm
  • 5000 ppm (correct)
  • 3000 ppm
  • 1000 ppm

At what percentage of body water loss do dogs typically begin to show signs of thirst?

<p>4% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a risk factor for dehydration in pets?

<p>Exercising in cold weather (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key sign of dehydration in pets?

<p>Lethargy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effective prevention method for dehydration in pets?

<p>Providing multiple water bowls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much water do cats require according to their RER for hydration?

<p>1.2 x RER (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contaminant to monitor in water quality?

<p>Chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of water content is typically found in canned pet food?

<p>84% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Body Water Percentage

The percentage of water in an animal's body. It varies by species and age. Adults typically have more water than young animals.

Water Contaminants

Substances that can contaminate water, making it unsafe for animals to drink. These include salt, nitrates, nitrites, inorganic chemicals and microbes.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

A measure of the total dissolved solids in water, expressed in parts per million (ppm). It's a general indicator of water quality.

Water Loss

The process of losing water from the body. Can occur through panting, breathing, urination, defecation, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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Dehydration

A state where an animal has lost too much water. Signs include lethargy, loss of appetite, decreased urination, sunken eyes, and dry gums.

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Metabolic Water

The process of the body producing water through the breakdown of food. A lesser source of water compared to drinking water.

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Water Requirements

The amount of water an animal needs each day. This is influenced by factors like activity level, diet, and climate.

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Preventing Dehydration

The process of offering fresh water to animals regularly, using multiple bowls and locations. Encouraging them to drink by using drinking fountains and dripping faucets.

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Dog Water Requirement Formula

A formula used to calculate the daily water intake goal for dogs: 1.6 x RER (resting energy requirement).

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Cat Water Requirement Formula

A formula used to calculate the daily water intake goal for cats: 1.2 x RER (resting energy requirement).

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Study Notes

Water's Importance for Life

  • Water is crucial for life, with a 70% human body composition.
  • A 15% water loss can be fatal.
  • Water quality monitoring is vital.
  • Contaminants include salt, nitrates, nitrites, chemicals and microbes.
  • Total dissolved solids (TDS) are measured in parts per million (ppm)
  • Acceptable TDS level is less than 5000ppm.

Water's Functions in the Body

  • Transportation of nutrients into and out of cells.
  • Enhances cognitive function.
  • Aids digestion and nutrient absorption.
  • Regulates body temperature.
  • Lubricates joints and cushions organs like the brain and spinal cord.

Water Intake and Loss in Pets

  • Pets lose water through panting, breathing, urination and defecation.
  • Pets replenish water through food, drinking water and metabolic processes.
  • Insufficient food/water intake, excessive exercise, and hot/humid climates can cause dehydration.
  • Persistent vomiting and diarrhea increase dehydration risk.

Dehydration Risks

  • Dehydration exacerbates illnesses.
  • Electrolyte imbalances are a concern.
  • It increases the risk of diseases like diabetes, liver and renal failure.
  • Cats may be predisposed to chronic dehydration.

Water Sources

  • Food (e.g., dry kibble contains as little as 7% water, while canned food can contain up to 84%).
  • Metabolic water (5-10% is produced by protein, fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Vital for desert animals and birds.)
  • Drinking water is the most significant source.

Dehydration Warning Signs

  • Lethargy/listlessness
  • Reduced appetite
  • Decreased urination
  • Sunken eyes
  • Prolonged skin tent
  • Panting
  • Dry gums/nose

Preventing Dehydration in Pets

  • Fresh water should be available daily.
  • Multiple water bowls and locations are recommended.
  • Drinking fountains can help, notably for cats.
  • Encourage water intake by using dripping faucets.
  • Incorporating canned food can increase intake.
  • Account for weather before exercising pets & position water bowls.

Water Intake Calculation

  • Water intake requirements for pets can be estimated.
  • Dogs: 1.6 x RER
  • Cats: 1.2 x RER (RER stands for Resting Energy Requirement)

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