Podcast
Questions and Answers
Use reverse osmosis if the turbidity is less than _____
Use reverse osmosis if the turbidity is less than _____
5 ntu's
If you want zero hardness then use?
If you want zero hardness then use?
Ion exchange
The ability of a reverse osmosis membrane to reject salt while permeating water is called?
The ability of a reverse osmosis membrane to reject salt while permeating water is called?
Salt rejection
The number of people who directly report to an individual supervisor or manager refers to?
The number of people who directly report to an individual supervisor or manager refers to?
What is most important in planning?
What is most important in planning?
An operator license may be revoked if?
An operator license may be revoked if?
Radionuclides surface water every ____ months
Radionuclides surface water every ____ months
Radionuclides ground water every ____ months
Radionuclides ground water every ____ months
Radiological contaminants should be monitored how often?
Radiological contaminants should be monitored how often?
Ground water plants conduct lab tests every ____ hours
Ground water plants conduct lab tests every ____ hours
Surface water plants test for inorganics _____ a year
Surface water plants test for inorganics _____ a year
What is the purpose of a jar test?
What is the purpose of a jar test?
Chlorine has a medicine taste known as?
Chlorine has a medicine taste known as?
Phosphates are good for 48 hours then revert to _____
Phosphates are good for 48 hours then revert to _____
Know that when a marble test water went to a plus .02 water that?
Know that when a marble test water went to a plus .02 water that?
Belt filter press is dewatered by?
Belt filter press is dewatered by?
What is the cause of lower than normal product rate flow?
What is the cause of lower than normal product rate flow?
What do you look for when standing over a flash mixer monitoring water?
What do you look for when standing over a flash mixer monitoring water?
Recovery rate is controlled by?
Recovery rate is controlled by?
Brackish water has a TDS of _____
Brackish water has a TDS of _____
Red water complaints are due to?
Red water complaints are due to?
What contributes to air binding?
What contributes to air binding?
Pipets are the best way to measure?
Pipets are the best way to measure?
Add a lime to increase?
Add a lime to increase?
What do you add when floc does not settle?
What do you add when floc does not settle?
What is a physical arrangement where a public water system connects with other systems that may contain contaminated water?
What is a physical arrangement where a public water system connects with other systems that may contain contaminated water?
When running an ion exchange unit at 500 GPM, how many hours can it run before regenerating?
When running an ion exchange unit at 500 GPM, how many hours can it run before regenerating?
The chlorine ton cylinder fusible plugs soften or melt at _____ to _____ degrees F
The chlorine ton cylinder fusible plugs soften or melt at _____ to _____ degrees F
Name the four types of surface wash systems:
Name the four types of surface wash systems:
Chlorine containers of 100 to 150 pounds have how many fusible plugs and where?
Chlorine containers of 100 to 150 pounds have how many fusible plugs and where?
The first known public water system was in _____ using boiling and _____ _____
The first known public water system was in _____ using boiling and _____ _____
The first water filter system in the US was in what state and year?
The first water filter system in the US was in what state and year?
The first use of chlorination in the US was in which city and year?
The first use of chlorination in the US was in which city and year?
Define a Community Water System (CWS).
Define a Community Water System (CWS).
Chemical coagulants used in water treatment include?
Chemical coagulants used in water treatment include?
The most important consideration in the coagulation and flocculation process is?
The most important consideration in the coagulation and flocculation process is?
Large light floc does not settle, while small dense floc are more likely to?
Large light floc does not settle, while small dense floc are more likely to?
Most common lab tests used to monitor coagulation and flocculation are?
Most common lab tests used to monitor coagulation and flocculation are?
Sedimentation basins have how many zones?
Sedimentation basins have how many zones?
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Study Notes
Water Treatment Processes and Techniques
- Reverse osmosis should be used when turbidity is below 5 NTUs.
- Ion exchange is the method to achieve zero hardness in water.
- Salt rejection defines a reverse osmosis membrane's ability to filter salt while allowing water to permeate.
Management and Planning
- Span of control refers to the number of subordinates directly reporting to a supervisor.
- Essential elements in planning include the formulation of precise goals and objectives.
Regulatory Compliance
- An operator's license can be revoked for unsafe practices that threaten public health and the environment.
Water Quality Monitoring
- Radionuclides in surface and groundwater must be monitored every 48 months.
- Radiological contaminants require monitoring every four years.
- Groundwater plants are mandated to conduct lab tests every three hours.
- Surface water plants test for inorganic materials once a year.
Chemical Usage and Dosage
- A jar test is performed to determine proper dosage rates for treatment chemicals.
- Chlorine can impart a phenolic flavor, often described as having a medicinal taste.
- Phosphates have a viability of 48 hours before reverting to orthophosphates in the distribution system.
- Adding lime increases both alkalinity and pH in treated water.
Operational Considerations
- When monitoring a flash mixer, floc size and shape are key indicators.
- Recovery rate is influenced by increasing the feed flow.
- A marble test indicating water to +0.02 suggests saturation.
- Lowered product flow rates can be remedied by replacing the element or cleaning with acid.
Water Quality Issues
- Red water complaints may arise from low pH or the presence of iron bacteria in water.
- Air binding can be attributed to temperature drops.
Laboratory Practices
- Pipets are preferred for accurately measuring liquids.
- Common tests for monitoring coagulation and flocculation include turbidity, temperature, color, pH, and chlorine demand.
Treatment Equipment and Systems
- Belt filter presses dewater via gravity and pressure mechanisms.
- Floc that fails to settle may require the addition of a weighting agent.
- Cross connections represent physical arrangements that may lead to unsafe contamination of public water systems.
Historical Milestones
- The earliest known public water system existed in 300 BC, utilizing boiling and filtration techniques developed by Hippocrates.
- The first water filtration system in the U.S. was established in Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1874.
- Jersey City became the first U.S. city to implement chlorination in 1908.
Infrastructure Specifications
- A Community Water System (CWS) serves at least 15 connections, catering to 25 year-round residents.
- Chemical coagulants used in water treatment include aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and ferric sulfate.
- Sedimentation basins encompass four functional zones: inlet, settling, sludge, and outlet.
System Safety Features
- Chlorine ton cylinders contain fusible plugs that melt at temperatures between 158 to 165°F.
- Chlorine containers (100 to 150 pounds) have one fusible plug located below the valve seat.
Ion Exchange Units
- An ion exchange unit operating at 500 GPM can function for 1,500,000 GPD, roughly translating to 50 hours before regeneration is needed.
Water Treatment Innovations
- Various surface wash systems include Baylis, Fixed Grid, Rotary, and Air scour methods to maintain system efficiency.
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