Water Supply, Drainage, and Building Materials

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended minimum daily water supply per person including flushing requirements?

100 litres

150 litres

200 litres (correct)

250 litres

Why should dust bins be conveniently located with respect to quarters?

To encourage social gatherings

To enhance aesthetic appeal

To minimize odors in housing areas

To prevent littering in public areas (correct)

Which of the following trees is recommended to be planted along service roads?

Maple

Gulmohur (correct)

Pine

Apple

What should be provided in multi-storeyed buildings for fire fighting arrangements?

Static tanks Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested alternative when water-borne sewerage exists nearby?

An adequate underground system Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to minimize waste at common hydrants?

Equip them with anti-waste water taps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended tree for beautification of circulating areas?

Magnolia Signup and view all the answers

Who may be consulted for the maintenance of gardens in circulating areas?

Voluntary agencies or businesses Signup and view all the answers

Which flooring material is specified for individual bathrooms?

Ceramic tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended wall surface height for the cement dado in commonly provided quarters?

1200mm Signup and view all the answers

What color is the recommended paint for all woodwork in the staff quarters?

Buff or brown Signup and view all the answers

What basic amenity is suggested for rooms when individual latrines are not feasible?

Sanitized community latrines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an essential basic amenity for staff quarters?

Storage room Signup and view all the answers

What is the prescribed wall surface material for bathrooms in Type-IV quarters?

Ceramic tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended configuration for the slab counters in the kitchen?

1.2 meters high Signup and view all the answers

What type of flooring should be avoided in quarters below Type-IV?

Mosaic flooring Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using insulated masonry walls?

They decrease heat transfer and improve energy efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

In what climate should traditional full windows be used?

Hot and dry climates Signup and view all the answers

How does doubling the thickness of gypsum board affect a building?

It enhances the thermal capacity of the building. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hollow brick walls in building construction?

They trap air which helps keep the interior cool in hot dry climates. Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be considered first before implementing active solar energy systems?

Using passive solar energy strategies. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding fully glazed windows?

They trap heat in the interior rooms during colder months. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of active solar energy systems?

Domestic water heating. Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using light-colored materials in buildings?

They improve energy efficiency by reflecting sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

What should be reported in the case of a breach of instruction?

To the immediate superior of the occupant Signup and view all the answers

What should the Section Engineer (Works) do at the end of every month regarding vacant railway quarters?

Send a return of vacant buildings to the Divisional Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Before occupying railway quarters, what must the occupant do regarding their condition?

Inspect and sign a prescribed form Signup and view all the answers

Cooking is forbidden in which areas according to the guidelines?

Except in provided kitchens or places Signup and view all the answers

What is the occupant responsible for regarding their quarters?

Notifying the vacation and allowing inspections Signup and view all the answers

What documentation should be included when constructing new structures?

Building/structural plans and scheme of erection Signup and view all the answers

When dismantling an existing structure, what is required to facilitate construction?

A scheme for dismantling shown in plans Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for cleaning and maintaining the condition of railway quarters?

The occupying staff member Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for toilets in creches?

One toilet for every 10 persons or part thereof Signup and view all the answers

What type of flooring is recommended for important rooms and bathrooms in hospitals?

Mosaic or terrazzo or non-slippery ceramic tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard recommendation for the wall surface in hospitals?

Mosaic or terrazzo dado up to 1200 mm in height Signup and view all the answers

How should latrines be indicated for separate usage by genders?

By displaying conspicuous indication boards Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommendation for the supply of drinking water in creches?

One tap for every 50 persons or part thereof Signup and view all the answers

What type of design may the Railways adopt for their quarters?

Their own economical type design Signup and view all the answers

How many wash basins are required in creches for 30 persons?

Two wash basins Signup and view all the answers

What should the standard observation be for flooring, wall surface and colour of wood and steel work?

They should generally observe the standards indicated unless directed otherwise Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration for which the Railway Rest House can be initially booked by railway officers?

4 days Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario may the use of Rest House accommodation be extended beyond ten days?

When the officer provides a certificate from a competent authority Signup and view all the answers

Who can occupy the Railway Rest House according to the guidelines provided?

Non-railway government officers on tour Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an officer to utilize a Railway Rest House after the initial booking period?

Certification of non-availability of pooled accommodation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding temporary transfers in relation to the guidelines for the use of Railway Rest Houses?

The instructions regarding Rest House occupancy do not apply to temporary transfers Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered for easy maintenance during the planning stage of a building?

Planning for inspection and repair of various building components Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for ensuring proper natural ventilation in a building design?

Planning openings based on prevailing wind direction Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should be considered to minimize noise pollution surrounding residential areas?

Surrounding units with plants and grass Signup and view all the answers

Which safety feature is essential in building design to create a safer environment for users?

Incorporating features that minimize user safety risks Signup and view all the answers

What socio-cultural variable should be reflected in the building design process?

Family structures and privacy needs Signup and view all the answers

How should the arrangement of plumbing and electrical fittings in a building be determined?

With consideration to sufficient space and service connections Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for fire fighting arrangements in building designs?

Compliance with national building codes Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect when planning natural ventilation in building layouts during hot seasons?

Strategically planning openings based on local wind patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary aim of natural lighting in buildings?

To promote work and activity Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is associated with passive solar design?

Optimizing building orientation and window placement Signup and view all the answers

How can trees be effectively used in building design?

To reduce noise pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to energy management in buildings?

Minimizing energy requirements for heating and cooling Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice to improve reflectivity in building interiors?

Applying light colors on walls and ceilings Signup and view all the answers

Which material choice aligns with low energy building practices?

Locally sourced timber Signup and view all the answers

What role does careful planning of brightness and color patterns play in building design?

It is essential for natural lighting Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental benefit of planting multiple rows of trees?

More effective noise control Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for the design of sustainable buildings regarding energy consumption?

Achieving bare minimum energy requirements for utilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using low energy materials in building construction?

Reduced energy consumption during manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum width recommended for a trench in relation to maintenance and planning of buildings?

0.5 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth range suggested for a trench while considering roof top area and soil conditions?

0.5-1.5 m Signup and view all the answers

How can assistance regarding rain water harvesting be acquired according to the provided guidelines?

Through the Chairman of the Central Ground Water Authority Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ensuring adequate trench length in relation to soil and rooftop area?

To facilitate better drainage Signup and view all the answers

What type of assets does the construction organization transition to open line according to the guidelines?

Commissioned assets Signup and view all the answers

What size variations are suggested for the width of trenches utilized in building maintenance?

0.5-1.0 m Signup and view all the answers

What factors should be considered when calculating the length of a trench?

Rooftop area and type of soil Signup and view all the answers

Which group can be approached for technical guidance on rain water harvesting?

Central Ground Water Board Signup and view all the answers

What document or communication might include technical assistance details for rain water harvesting?

DO letters from the Central Ground Water Authority Signup and view all the answers

Who is primarily responsible for the coordination of construction asset handover processes?

Construction organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the valve provided below the T-junction in the semi-automatic rainwater harvesting system?

To control the flow to the storage tank Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended size for a recharge pit used for buildings with a roof area of up to 100 sq m?

1-2 m wide and 2-3 m deep Signup and view all the answers

Where is the recharge through shafts method most suitable?

Where shallow aquifers are located below a clayey surface Signup and view all the answers

Which materials can be utilized for collecting rooftop water in rainwater harvesting?

Corrugated iron sheets, asbestos sheets, or tiles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for periodically cleaning the top layer of sand in a rainwater harvesting filter?

To enhance the filtration of rainwater Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the recharge through abandoned hand pump method?

It utilizes an abandoned hand pump as a recharge structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal condition for the recharge pit structure to be effective?

When permeable strata is available at shallow depth Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the use of recharge trenches be most appropriate?

In areas with limited space for vertical systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the boulders, gravel, and sand in the recharge pit?

To facilitate the filtration of rainwater Signup and view all the answers

What size of rooftop area is the recharge through abandoned hand pump method designated for?

Between 2000-5000 sq m Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water Supply and Drainage

A minimum of 200 liters of water per person per day is recommended, including 45 liters for flushing.
Common hydrants should be fitted with anti-waste water taps.
Static tanks should be provided for fire-fighting arrangements in multi-storeyed buildings according to regulations.
An underground drainage system should be used instead of open drains and soak-pits in areas with water-borne sewerage.

Building Materials and Design

Insulated masonry can be cost-effective and offers several options.
Foam insulations can be directly adhered to masonry surfaces and protected with a weathering skin.
Increasing the thickness of gypsum board on interior walls can improve the thermal capacity of a building.
Hollow brick walls can help keep interiors cool in hot climates due to the air pocket inside.

Landscaping

Shady trees like Gulmohur and Neem should be planted along service roads.
Ornamental trees like Alstonia, Kachnar, Bottlebrush should be planted in parking areas and circulating areas.
Shrubs like Chandani, Gardinia, Chinese Orange, and Jatruca can be used for beautification.

Building Types and Design

Traditional full window (leaf window) design helps to keep interiors cool in hot climates.
Fully glazed windows should be used in cold climates.

Active Solar Systems

Active solar systems should be integrated into building design only after considering passive solar and energy-conserving strategies.
Active solar collectors can provide energy for domestic water heating, space heating, and other applications.

Staff Quarters

All staff quarters should be provided with a kitchen, individual bathroom, and individual sanitized latrines.
In cases of space constraint, sanitized community latrines should be provided.

Flooring, Wall Surface, and Wood and Steel Work

Hospitals and dispensaries should have mosaic, terrazzo, or non-slippery ceramic tile flooring in important rooms and bathrooms.
In important rooms and bathrooms of hospitals and dispensaries, the wall surface should have mosaic, terrazzo dado to 1200 mm in height, and distemper or ceramic tiles on walls and ceiling.
All woodwork in hospitals and dispensaries should be painted white.
Unimportant rooms in hospitals and dispensaries should have cement concrete flooring, except for bathrooms and toilets where mosaic flooring is required.
Quarters Type-IV and above should have mosaic flooring.
In quarters Type-IV and above, bathrooms should have dado with the same material as the flooring or ceramic tiles.
Quarters below Type-IV should have cement concrete flooring.

Vacated Buildings

No railway quarters should be allowed to remain unoccupied.
A return of vacant buildings should be sent by the Divisional Engineer's Office to the Accounts Department/allotment authority at the end of every month.

Construction and Dismantling

Detailed schemes for the erection of formwork and supporting arrangements should be made when constructing new buildings or making deep excavations.
A scheme for dismantling an existing structure should be included in the plans if dismantling is necessary for construction.

Building Design Considerations

Maintenance Access: Buildings should be designed with easy access for maintenance tasks like cleaning, inspections, and repairs. Features like sufficient space, lighting, and service connections (plug points, master valve) must be included.
Socio-Cultural Factors: Design should consider privacy, family structure, recreational patterns, and cultural backgrounds of occupants.
Safety: Design should incorporate safety features to create a secure environment. Examples include fire fighting systems, fire alarms, and proper ventilation plans.
Natural Ventilation: Effective natural ventilation is crucial for warmer climates or seasons. Layout should consider the direction of prevailing winds for cross ventilation.
Noise Control: Buildings should be designed to minimize noise pollution. This can be achieved through features like surrounding plants and grass areas, strategic placement of windows and doors, and proper location and orientation of the building.
Natural Lighting: Proper lighting in buildings is essential for work, safety, and pleasant surroundings. Natural lighting can be achieved through planning of brightness and color patterns, and using light colors on walls and ceilings.

Energy Efficiency in Buildings

Energy Conservation: Buildings must be designed to minimize the use of artificial energy for temperature regulation, ventilation, and illumination.
Renewable Energy Sources: Prioritize the use of renewable energy sources to power the building, such as solar energy.
Energy Efficient Materials: Employ low-energy materials in the building process, considering their energy requirement during manufacturing, transportation, and construction.

Rainwater Harvesting

Recharge Pit: Suitable for buildings with a roof area of up to 100 square meters. This method involves constructing a pit filled with boulders, gravel, and sand for filtering rainwater.
Recharge Through Abandoned Hand Pump: Utilizes abandoned hand pumps for recharging. This method involves a wide, deep trench connected to the pump and filled with filter media.
Recharge through Shaft: Appropriate for shallow aquifers located beneath a clayey surface and buildings with a roof area of 2000-5000 square meters. A specific diameter recharge shaft is constructed and filled with filter media.

Railway Rest House Allotment

Allotment for Railway Officers: Rest Houses can be allotted to railway officers on transfer, with a 10-day initial occupancy limit for permanent transfers. Extension beyond 10 days is granted only after obtaining a certificate confirming the absence of available pooled accommodation.
Allotment for Non-Railway Government Officers: Rest Houses can be allotted to non-railway government officers on tour. Bookings must be done at least one month in advance and initially for a period of 4 days. Half rates apply if the officer fails to occupy the Rest House.
Allotment for Other Officials: These individuals can use the Rest House on duty: (i) Commissioners of Departmental Enquiries (ii) Central Vigilance Commission officers (iii) Ministry of Home Affairs officials - for inquiries regarding Railway Officers (iv) Officers on transfer when no alternate accommodation is available

Railway Institute Use

Railway Institute as Club: The Railway Institute and its ancillary facilities should be considered a club available for railway employees at no cost.
Cost Sharing: Maintenance and upkeep costs for the Institute are shared by the Railway administration and the Institute based on provisions outlined in the Indian Railways Code for Engg.Deptt.

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This quiz covers essential topics related to water supply, drainage systems, and building materials, including recommended water usage and effective insulation techniques. Explore the importance of underground drainage and landscaping with suitable tree species. Ideal for civil engineering and architecture students seeking to understand these critical infrastructural concepts.