Water Sources, Types, and Hardness

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Questions and Answers

What is the equation to calculate the temporary hardness in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents?

  • Temporary hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = (Chemical equivalent x producing hardness) / Strength of substance (correct)
  • Temporary hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Strength of substance / (Chemical equivalent x producing hardness)
  • Temporary hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Chemical equivalent x producing hardness x Strength of substance
  • Temporary hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Chemical equivalent / (Strength of substance x producing hardness)

What is the relationship between parts per million (PPM) and Degree French?

  • 1 PPM = 1 Degree French
  • 1 PPM = 0.5 Degree French
  • 1 PPM = 0.07 Degree French
  • 1 PPM = 0.1 Degree French (correct)

How can the total permanent hardness be calculated in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents?

  • Total permanent hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Permanent magnesium hardness / Permanent calcium hardness
  • Total permanent hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = 2 * Permanent magnesium hardness
  • Total permanent hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Permanent magnesium hardness + Permanent calcium hardness (correct)
  • Total permanent hardness (in mg/L as CaCO3) = Permanent magnesium hardness - Permanent calcium hardness

What is the unit for expressing water hardness in the text?

<p>Milligrams per liter (mg/l) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equivalent of a substance producing water hardness measured in mg/l as CaCO3?

<p>$Chemical equivalent$ = $\frac{Atomic weight}{Valence}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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