COPY: Water Solvent Properties Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What property of water allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules?

Cohesive behavior (correct)

Expansion upon freezing

Ability to moderate temperature

Versatility as a solvent

Which property of water contributes to its high surface tension?

Expansion upon freezing

Versatility as a solvent

Ability to moderate temperature

Cohesive behavior (correct)

What is the attraction between water and plant cell walls known as?

Cohesion

Adhesion (correct)

Surface tension

Dynamic equilibrium

Which concept explains the uneven distribution of charge in a water molecule?

Dynamic equilibrium in water Signup and view all the answers

How does cohesion contribute to the transport of nutrients against gravity in plants?

By creating surface tension Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water makes it a versatile solvent in biological systems?

Versatility as a solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrophilic substance?

A substance with an affinity for water Signup and view all the answers

In a hydration shell, each ion is surrounded by what?

A sphere of water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a hydrogen atom in a hydrogen bond shifts from one water molecule to the other?

It loses its electron and becomes a proton Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of dynamic equilibrium in water?

Water molecules are constantly breaking apart and reforming at different rates Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is formed when a hydrogen atom shifts between two water molecules?

Hydronium ion (H3O+) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a hydrophobic substance?

Having an aversion to water due to nonpolar bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between strong acids and weak acids?

Strong acids dissociate completely in water, while weak acids reversibly release and accept back hydrogen ions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the pH of a neutral solution?

The pH of a neutral solution is 7 because the [H+] concentration is 10^7. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between H+ and OH– ions in water?

The product of H+ and OH– is constant at 10^-14 in water. Signup and view all the answers

How do biologists describe whether a solution is acidic or basic?

By measuring the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. Signup and view all the answers

What effect can adding certain solutes, called acids, have on the concentrations of H+ and OH– in a solution?

Acids increase the H+ concentration and decrease the OH– concentration. Signup and view all the answers

Which pH value indicates an acidic solution?

$pH = 6$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Water Properties and Acid-Base Chemistry

The polar nature of water molecules, specifically the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms, allows them to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
The high surface tension of water is attributed to the cohesion between water molecules, which is a result of hydrogen bonding.
The attraction between water and plant cell walls is known as adhesion.

Acid-Base Chemistry

The uneven distribution of charge in a water molecule is explained by the concept of polarity.
Cohesion contributes to the transport of nutrients against gravity in plants by allowing water to move up the xylem through the cohesion-tension mechanism.
Water's high dielectric constant makes it a versatile solvent in biological systems.
A hydrophilic substance is one that has an affinity for water.

Hydration Shells and Ion Formation

In a hydration shell, each ion is surrounded by water molecules.
When a hydrogen atom in a hydrogen bond shifts from one water molecule to the other, the process is known as hydrogen bond switching.
The state of dynamic equilibrium in water refers to the constant formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

Ion Formation and pH

When a hydrogen atom shifts between two water molecules, a hydronium ion (H3O+) is formed.
A hydrophobic substance is one that repels water.
Strong acids completely dissociate in water, whereas weak acids only partially dissociate.
A neutral solution has a pH of 7, at which the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions are equal.
In water, H+ and OH- ions are in equilibrium, with a 1:1 ratio indicating neutrality.

pH and Acid-Base Reactions

Biologists describe a solution as acidic, basic, or neutral based on its pH.
Adding certain solutes, called acids, can decrease the pH of a solution by increasing the concentration of H+ ions.
A pH value less than 7 indicates an acidic solution.

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Description

Test your knowledge of water's solvent properties, including its ability to dissolve ionic compounds, nonionic polar molecules, and large polar molecules like proteins. Explore the concepts of hydration shell, hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.