Questions and Answers
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered with water?
All water on Earth is freshwater.
False
What is the main cause of water scarcity in regions that should otherwise have sufficient water?
By 2025, how many people are predicted to live in absolute water scarcity?
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What is the largest consumer of water in agriculture?
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What has increased pressure on freshwater resources in India post-independence?
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Water scarcity can occur even if ample water resources are available.
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The _____ is responsible for the renewal of groundwater.
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What is the primary goal of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?
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Study Notes
Water Scarcity Overview
- Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet only a small fraction is freshwater usable for human needs.
- Freshwater sources include surface runoff and groundwater, both replenished via the hydrological cycle.
- Although water is renewable, water scarcity is a pressing issue in many regions.
Causes of Water Scarcity
- Predicted that by 2025, nearly two billion people will experience absolute water scarcity.
- Variability in water availability is influenced by seasonal and annual precipitation patterns.
- Over-exploitation, excessive use, and unequal access to water resources contribute significantly to scarcity.
- Growing populations heighten water demand for domestic use and food production.
Regional Variations in Water Resources
- Water scarcity often occurs in regions with low rainfall and in drought-prone areas.
- Regions may have sufficient water sources yet still suffer from scarcity due to poor quality or unequal distribution.
- Urban areas can experience water scarcity despite the presence of water resources due to population pressures.
Impact of Agriculture on Water Resources
- Irrigated agriculture, a major water consumer, often leads to over-exploitation of water sources.
- Increased food production requires more water, prompting expansion of irrigated lands.
- Development of drought-resistant crops and dry farming techniques is essential to mitigate water scarcity.
Pollution and Water Quality Concerns
- Industrialization and urbanization have contributed to the pollution of water sources.
- Contamination from domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, and agricultural pesticides threatens water quality.
- Even where water is available, polluted sources can hinder access to safe drinking water and result in food insecurity.
Government Initiatives to Address Water Issues
- The Government of India prioritizes improving water quality and accessibility through initiatives like the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
- JJM aims to provide assured water supply to every rural household, enhancing the quality of life, particularly in rural communities.
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Description
This quiz explores the critical issue of water scarcity, including its main causes and the global implications it has on populations. Understand the factors contributing to this pressing issue, from over-exploitation of resources to regional variations in water accessibility. Test your knowledge on the complexities of freshwater availability and management.
