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Questions and Answers
Water resources engineering supports ___ needs.
Water resources engineering supports ___ needs.
modern living
The process called the ___ Cycle conserves water.
The process called the ___ Cycle conserves water.
Hydrologic
Precipitation occurs when atmospheric moisture becomes too great to remain ___ in clouds.
Precipitation occurs when atmospheric moisture becomes too great to remain ___ in clouds.
suspended
Ocean evaporation is the greatest source of ___ .
Ocean evaporation is the greatest source of ___ .
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The geographical area contributing to the flow of a river is called a ___.
The geographical area contributing to the flow of a river is called a ___.
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Reservoirs are bodies of water used to store water to meet various ___.
Reservoirs are bodies of water used to store water to meet various ___.
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Evapotranspiration combines the processes of ___ and transpiration.
Evapotranspiration combines the processes of ___ and transpiration.
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Runoff is the water that flows across the land surface after a ___ event.
Runoff is the water that flows across the land surface after a ___ event.
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Construction of raised platforms for temporary shelter during ____.
Construction of raised platforms for temporary shelter during ____.
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Dewatering by pumps is necessary when gravity discharge of floodwater is not ____.
Dewatering by pumps is necessary when gravity discharge of floodwater is not ____.
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Construction of floodwalls is important near congested areas of cities, towns, and ____ belts.
Construction of floodwalls is important near congested areas of cities, towns, and ____ belts.
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Long-term measures include construction of storage ____ to moderate flood flow.
Long-term measures include construction of storage ____ to moderate flood flow.
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Integrated watershed management reduces surface runoff, erosion, and increases ____ capacity.
Integrated watershed management reduces surface runoff, erosion, and increases ____ capacity.
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Flood forecasts and warnings are based on hydro-____ studies.
Flood forecasts and warnings are based on hydro-____ studies.
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Irrigation is the artificial provision of crops with ____.
Irrigation is the artificial provision of crops with ____.
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Different crops have different water requirements depending on climate, soil type, and method of ____.
Different crops have different water requirements depending on climate, soil type, and method of ____.
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Stopping sight distance is the distance required by a driver to bring his vehicle to a stop after an object becomes ______.
Stopping sight distance is the distance required by a driver to bring his vehicle to a stop after an object becomes ______.
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The stopping sight distance is made up of two components: distance travelled during perception and brake reaction time, and the distance travelled while ______ the brakes.
The stopping sight distance is made up of two components: distance travelled during perception and brake reaction time, and the distance travelled while ______ the brakes.
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Rail transport is suitable for carriage of ______ commodities over long haul.
Rail transport is suitable for carriage of ______ commodities over long haul.
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Rail transport enjoys an advantage when a full ______ load is to be transported.
Rail transport enjoys an advantage when a full ______ load is to be transported.
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Rail transport consumes less ______ than road transport due to low friction.
Rail transport consumes less ______ than road transport due to low friction.
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Air transport is known for its high ______, with speeds of 1000 km per hour being common.
Air transport is known for its high ______, with speeds of 1000 km per hour being common.
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International and domestic travel by air has encouraged the ______ industry.
International and domestic travel by air has encouraged the ______ industry.
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Evaporation is the process of liquid converting into ______, through wind action and solar radiation.
Evaporation is the process of liquid converting into ______, through wind action and solar radiation.
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Air transport is invaluable for the defense of the country as it can transport military ______ quickly.
Air transport is invaluable for the defense of the country as it can transport military ______ quickly.
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Transpiration is the process by which water molecules leave the body of a living ______ and escapes to the atmosphere.
Transpiration is the process by which water molecules leave the body of a living ______ and escapes to the atmosphere.
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Evapotranspiration includes all evaporation from water and land surfaces, as well as ______ from plants.
Evapotranspiration includes all evaporation from water and land surfaces, as well as ______ from plants.
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Fluid is a term that describes both gases and ______.
Fluid is a term that describes both gases and ______.
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Buoyancy is the uplifting force exerted by ______ on a submerged solid object.
Buoyancy is the uplifting force exerted by ______ on a submerged solid object.
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Discharge, or rate of flow, Q, describes the amount of water passing through an imaginary ______ per unit time.
Discharge, or rate of flow, Q, describes the amount of water passing through an imaginary ______ per unit time.
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A ‘flood’ is defined as a ‘great flow of water… especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and ______ land not usually thus covered.’
A ‘flood’ is defined as a ‘great flow of water… especially, a body of water, rising, swelling, and ______ land not usually thus covered.’
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The time duration from the first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called the ______.
The time duration from the first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called the ______.
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Short-term measures in flood management include the construction of ______ along low-level banks to mitigate flooding.
Short-term measures in flood management include the construction of ______ along low-level banks to mitigate flooding.
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Moistening the dry land before sowing crops is known as ______ irrigation.
Moistening the dry land before sowing crops is known as ______ irrigation.
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The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area is usually called ______.
The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area is usually called ______.
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The hydrologic cycle consists of four key components: precipitation, runoff, ______, and evapotranspiration.
The hydrologic cycle consists of four key components: precipitation, runoff, ______, and evapotranspiration.
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The types of flooding include River Flooding, Flash Floods, Urban Flooding, ______ Flooding, and Floods Arising due to Failure of Dam.
The types of flooding include River Flooding, Flash Floods, Urban Flooding, ______ Flooding, and Floods Arising due to Failure of Dam.
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Flow of water in a conduit may be classified as Laminar flow versus ______ flow.
Flow of water in a conduit may be classified as Laminar flow versus ______ flow.
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In analyzing hydraulic problems, flow can also be classified as Steady flow versus ______ flow.
In analyzing hydraulic problems, flow can also be classified as Steady flow versus ______ flow.
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The flow of water can also be described in terms of Uniform flow versus ______ flow.
The flow of water can also be described in terms of Uniform flow versus ______ flow.
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Construction and maintenance operation signs usually have ______ text on an orange background.
Construction and maintenance operation signs usually have ______ text on an orange background.
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Carriageway markings are painted with hot applied ______ paints.
Carriageway markings are painted with hot applied ______ paints.
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The space required for parking a car is ______ x 5 m, and preferably 3 m x 6 m.
The space required for parking a car is ______ x 5 m, and preferably 3 m x 6 m.
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On-street parking can be either parallel parking or ______ parking, which is preferred for easier maneuvers.
On-street parking can be either parallel parking or ______ parking, which is preferred for easier maneuvers.
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Street lighting helps guide road users to see the ______ and the immediate surroundings clearly.
Street lighting helps guide road users to see the ______ and the immediate surroundings clearly.
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Categories of carriageway markings include centerline, stop lines, and ______ crossings.
Categories of carriageway markings include centerline, stop lines, and ______ crossings.
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Modern multi-storey car parks can be totally mechanically operated by ______.
Modern multi-storey car parks can be totally mechanically operated by ______.
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Traffic lane markings are one type of ______ marking on the carriageway.
Traffic lane markings are one type of ______ marking on the carriageway.
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Study Notes
Water Resources Engineering
- Water resources engineering is a specialty focusing on water use for modern life, including agriculture, industry, homes, recreation, and environmental needs.
- Water is found in the atmosphere, oceans, on land, and within the Earth's crust.
- Solar energy drives water movement.
- The hydrologic cycle (water's continuous movement) conserves water, no creation or destruction.
- Precipitation includes rainfall, snowfall, hail, frost, and dew, representing water reaching Earth from the atmosphere.
- Runoff is water flowing across the land after a storm, contributing to streams and rivers. A drainage basin is the area providing flow to a particular river.
- Reservoirs are artificial or natural bodies of water storing water.
- Evapotranspiration combines evaporation (liquid to vapor) from water/land and transpiration (water leaving plants).
- Hydraulic engineers design and manage water movement through canals, channels, aqueducts, dams, levees, canal locks.
- Buoyancy is the upward force on submerged objects in water.
- Discharge (Q) is water volume moving through a point per time (e.g., cubic feet per second).
Flood Control
- A flood is a large amount of water overflowing land not usually submerged. Flood control reduces flood impact.
- Short-term flood management includes embankment construction (along low-lying banks), raised platforms for temporary shelter, and pumping to remove water when gravity drainage is not possible.
- Long-term flood management includes building reservoirs to moderate peak flows, improved watershed management (reducing runoff and increasing infiltration), and flood forecasting to give warnings.
Irrigation
- Irrigation artificially provides water to crops, vital in areas with insufficient rainfall.
- Irrigation increases crop yields, reduces famine risk, allows for improved crop selection, enhances economic development, provides water for domestic and industrial use.
- Water requirements vary by crop, location, and cultivation methods.
- Irrigation intervals and depths vary depending on growing needs.
Transportation Engineering
- Transportation engineering efficiently moves people and goods; its principles change with new modes.
- It applies science and technology to plan, design, operate, and manage transportation systems for safety, speed, comfort, convenience, cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility.
Importance of Transportation
- Transportation is essential for: Moving raw materials; moving goods/resources; reducing time to market (perishables); lowering the price of goods; developing agriculture; and national defense.
Traffic Engineering
- Traffic engineering is a specialized aspect managing traffic flow, from towns to large cities, for safety and speed.
- Traffic engineering uses projected and monitored traffic patterns to develop automated or centralized signals.
- Components that regulate traffic include regulatory signs (stop, yield, speed limits, parking), warning signs (potential hazards), guide signs (directions), and construction/maintenance signs.
- Importance of markings and signs for safety and efficient flow.
Railway Engineering
- Railway engineering focuses on planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of railways, advancing with technological advancements in electronic signaling and communication.
Advantages of Rail Transport
- Suitable for bulk goods transport over long distances.
- Efficient in cases where whole loads need to be transported from point A to point B.
- Uses less energy than road transport, given lower friction between steel wheels and tracks.
- Does not rely on fossil fuels, using electricity or other sources.
- Offers a cleaner and safer approach to transportation of many goods.
Advantages of Air Transport
- Very fast; suitable for high-value/perishable cargo, international or long-distance travel.
- Facilitates tourism and facilitates business and trade.
- Useful for military transport, aid delivery, and rescue operations.
Water Transport
- Water transport is cost-effective for bulk cargo (minerals or commodities), as it avoids the construction costs for roads/railways.
- Suitable for cheap and efficient shipping of vast quantities of goods (coal, grains, etc.).
- Some areas are difficult to access by road, water transport offers easy access.
- Ports, harbors, and docks support water transport processes.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of water resources engineering, delving into the hydrologic cycle, sources of water, and engineering solutions for managing water. Understand how various factors like precipitation, runoff, and evapotranspiration impact our water systems. Test your knowledge on how hydraulic engineers contribute to sustainable water management.
