Water Resources Engineering and Flood Control
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are short-term measures that are adopted to ensure flooding is managed effectively?

  • Construction of raised platforms for temporary shelter (correct)
  • Integrated watershed management in the hilly area catchment
  • Construction of storage reservoirs
  • Dewatering by pumps of flooded pockets (correct)
  • Construction of embankments along low-level banks (correct)

Which of the following is not a long-term measure that is adopted for effective flood management?

  • Construction of floodwalls near congested areas
  • Integrated watershed management in the hilly area catchment
  • Dewatering by pumps of flooded pockets (correct)
  • Construction of storage reservoirs

Hydrologic Cycle involves the creation of water.

False (B)

Which of the following is an example of a long-term solution for flood management?

<p>Construction of storage reservoirs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the geographical area that contributes to the flow of a river?

<p>Watershed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of laminar flow?

<p>Smooth and predictable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the term that describes the amount of water passing through an imaginary plane per unit time at a particular location along the conduit.

<p>Discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What force is exerted by water on a submerged solid object?

<p>Buoyancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of precipitation?

<p>Rainfall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of liquid converting into vapour, through wind action and solar radiation, called?

<p>Evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transportation of water molecules from the body of a living plant to the atmosphere called?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the uplifting force exerted by water on a submerged solid object?

<p>Buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main types of cargo handling in ports?

<p>Dry bulk, liquid bulk, containers, parcels, liquefied or compressed gas, and general cargo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important mode of transportation for the delivery of bulk commodities over a long haul, for example, coal, mineral ore, steel products, cement, petroleum products?

<p>Rail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of regulatory signs in road networks?

<p>Providing information on parking, speed limits, and other rules of the road (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of road markings provides information about pedestrian crossings?

<p>Pedestrian crossing markings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an advantage of air transport?

<p>Economic affordability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features does not affect sight distance in road design?

<p>Road pavement color (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the distance required by drivers to bring their vehicle to a stop after an object on the roadway becomes visible?

<p>Stopping sight distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of dock is defined as an enclosure for the reception of ships, where water is impounded at a uniform level, independent of external tide action and regulated by lock gates?

<p>Wet dock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of guide signs in road networks?

<p>Providing directions and route guidance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of highway engineering?

<p>Highway engineering focuses on the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of highways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Philippine Highway Network is classified into national primary, national secondary, and national tertiary roads based on the purpose they serve within the road network.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of sight distance considered in road design?

<p>Stopping sight distance and overtaking (passing) sight distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of road markings are provided on objects that are part of the road?

<p>Object markings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is water resources engineering?

A field focused on the use of water for agriculture, industry, homes, recreation, and the environment.

Hydrologic Cycle

The continuous movement of water from the atmosphere, to the Earth's surface, and back to the atmosphere through evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and storage.

Precipitation

Any form of water falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, including rain, snow, hail, frost, and dew.

Runoff

Water flowing over land after a storm event, eventually forming streams and rivers.

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What is a reservoir?

A natural or artificial body of water used to store water for various purposes.

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Evapotranspiration

The combined processes of water evaporating from water bodies and the land, and plants releasing water vapor into the atmosphere.

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What are canals, channels, and aqueducts?

Artificial waterways designed by hydraulic engineers to direct water flow.

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Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it.

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Discharge (Q)

The rate of flow of water, measured as volume per unit time, passing through a specific point in a conduit.

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Flood

A surge of water over land that is not usually covered by water, resulting in destructive impacts.

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Flood Control

Measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of floods, including dams, levees, and floodwalls.

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Embankments

Raised structures built to prevent floodwater from overflowing onto low-lying land.

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Spillway

A structure in a dam that safely releases excess water from a reservoir.

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Irrigation

The artificial application of water to crops to supplement rainfall in dry areas or to meet their specific needs.

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Water Requirement of a Crop

The total amount of water a crop needs from sowing to harvest, influenced by climate, soil, and cultivation methods.

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Base Period

The time duration from the first irrigation during sowing to the last irrigation before harvest.

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Paleo Irrigation

Moistening the soil with water before sowing crops when the land is very dry.

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Kor Watering

Watering a young crop with the maximum amount of water in a single application.

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Delta

The total depth of water required to grow a crop over a unit area of land.

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Overfall Spillway

A spillway with a simple overflow crest or a controlled crest with gates, releasing excess water from a reservoir.

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Side Channel Spillway

A spillway that diverts excess water through a separate channel.

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Chute Spillway

A steep channel designed to convey excess water away from a reservoir.

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Shaft Spillway (Morning Glory)

A vertical shaft with an opening at the bottom that allows excess water to flow out of a reservoir.

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Siphon Spillway

A spillway that uses the pressure difference between the reservoir and the outlet to drain excess water.

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Emergency Spillway

A backup spillway that is only used in extreme flood events.

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River Flooding

Flooding caused by rivers overflowing their banks.

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Flash Flood

A sudden, violent flood caused by intense rainfall.

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Urban Flooding

Flooding that occurs in urban areas, often due to inadequate drainage systems.

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Storm Surge Flooding

Flooding caused by the rise in sea level during a storm.

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Dam Failure Flooding

Flooding caused by the collapse of a dam, releasing a large volume of water.

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Laminar Flow

Smooth and orderly water flow where particles move in parallel lines.

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Turbulent Flow

Chaotic and irregular water flow where particles move in random directions.

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Steady Flow

Water flow where the velocity and volume remain constant over time.

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Unsteady Flow

Water flow where the velocity and volume change over time.

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Uniform Flow

Water flow where the velocity is constant across the entire cross-section of the conduit.

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Nonuniform Flow

Water flow where the velocity varies across the cross-section of the conduit.

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What are the benefits of irrigation?

Irrigation increases crop yields, protects against famine, enables cultivation of superior crops, promotes economic development, and supports hydropower and water supply for homes and industries.

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Transportation Engineering

Utilizing technology and science to plan, design, operate, and manage transportation systems for the efficient and safe movement of people and goods.

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Transport and Place Utility

Transportation enhances the value of goods by making them available in the right place at the right time.

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Transport and Time Utility

Transportation increases the value of goods by delivering them within a specific timeframe.

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What is traffic engineering?

A subfield of transportation engineering focusing on managing traffic flow for safety, efficiency, and speed.

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Study Notes

Water Resources Engineering

  • Water resources engineering deals with using water for modern needs (agriculture, industry, domestic, recreation, and environment)
  • Earth's water is in the atmosphere, oceans, land, and soil.
  • Water is moved by solar energy through evaporation and precipitation.
  • The Hydrologic Cycle describes water moving between these locations, with water being conserved.
  • Precipitation includes rainfall, snowfall, hail, frost, and dew.
  • Runoff is water flowing over land, forming rills, gullies, streams, and rivers.
  • A watershed is the area draining into a particular river.
  • Reservoirs are natural or artificial water storage areas.
  • Evapotranspiration is the process of water vaporizing from water and land surfaces, and from plants (transpiration).

Flood Control

  • Floods are excessive water flow exceeding usual levels in a particular area.
  • Short-term flood measures provide quick relief:
    • Embankments along low-level banks
    • Raised platforms for temporary shelter
    • Pumping floodwater out of affected areas
  • Long-term flood measures aim to regulate flow:
    • Construction of reservoirs
    • Integrated watershed management (reducing runoff, increasing infiltration)
    • Flood forecasts and warnings

Irrigation

  • Irrigation is artificially providing water to crops for growth.
  • Benefits include increased yields, protecting from famine, and enabling cultivation of better crops.
  • This improves economic development, hydropower generation, and provides water for domestic and industrial uses.

Transportation Engineering

  • This field involves the efficient movement of people and goods.
  • Transport needs vary by the type of transportation (roads, railways, air, or water).
  • Transportation impacts the economy in several ways:
    • Movement of natural resources
    • Allows access to places, resources, or destinations
    • Reduces the time needed for travel
    • Protects quality of perishable goods
    • Decreases the cost of goods, and supports agricultural development.

Traffic Engineering

  • Managing traffic flow in urban areas and on roads.
  • Types of signs:
    • Regulatory (stop, speed limit, etc.)
    • Warning (hazards, etc.)
    • Guide (directions, etc.)
  • Roadways and parking requirements
  • Environmental effects of traffic include Air pollution, Noise, Vibration, Severance, and Visual Intrusion.

Highway Engineering

  • Planning, designing, building, and maintaining highways.
  • The design of highways includes consideration of sight distances for safety.

Railway Engineering

  • Design, construction, and operation of railway systems.
  • Advantages of rail transport: Suitable for bulk goods transportation, efficient for long distances, often more economical, and relatively safe compared to roadways.

Water Transportation

  • Inexpensive, but slower mode of transport.
  • Ports, harbors, and docks are essential in water transport.
  • Cargo types that are transported by water: Dry bulk, liquid bulk, general cargo, fertilisers, and more.

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Related Documents

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in water resources engineering, including the hydrologic cycle, watersheds, and reservoir management. Additionally, it addresses flood control measures and strategies for managing excess water flow. Test your knowledge on these critical environmental topics!

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