Water Reabsorption Process in Cells
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Water Reabsorption Process in Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is the aid in water reabsorption through the plasma membrane?

  • Tight junctions
  • Osmolality gradients
  • Aquaporins (correct)
  • Presence of sodium ions
  • What is the result of increasing interstitial osmolarity?

  • Sodium ion reabsorption
  • Water diffusion out of the tubular lumen (correct)
  • Water diffusion into the tubular lumen
  • Increased sodium ion secretion
  • What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

  • Sodium ion reabsorption
  • Water reabsorption
  • Reabsorption of valued substances (correct)
  • Filtrate processing
  • What is the primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the nephron?

    <p>Diffusion through aquaporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of sodium ion transport in the nephron?

    <p>Increased reabsorption of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the basalateral membrane in the proximal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Enables active transport of sodium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of sodium ion reabsorption in the nephron?

    <p>Enables reabsorption of valued substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tight junctions in the nephron?

    <p>Permits diffusion of water and solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the high osmolarity of the medullary interstitium?

    <p>To pull water out of the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the cells in the thin descending loop of Henle?

    <p>They lack transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the filtrate as it passes down the thin descending loop of Henle?

    <p>It becomes more concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the luminal membrane of cells in the ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?

    <p>It has a glycoprotein layer and tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the secondary active transport molecule in the ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?

    <p>To cotransport potassium and chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the potassium ions that are imported into the cells of the ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?

    <p>They diffuse back into the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in the basolateral membrane of cells in the ascending loop of Henle and early DCT?

    <p>Sodium/potassium ATPase ion pumps and potassium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reabsorption of water in the thin descending loop of Henle?

    <p>The filtrate becomes more concentrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ascending limb in the Loop of Henle?

    <p>To actively transport sodium chloride into the interstitium, increasing its concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the filtrate as it moves down the descending limb?

    <p>It becomes more concentrated as water diffuses into the tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of solutes in the filtrate at the bottom of the loop?

    <p>Approximately four times greater than normal body fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the descending limb in the Loop of Henle?

    <p>To provide a continuous, concentrated supply of sodium chloride to the ascending limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sodium/potassium ATPase ion pump in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>Primary active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the sodium/potassium ATPase ion pump yielding its energy?

    <p>ATP is converted to ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the ascending limb's active transport of sodium chloride into the interstitium?

    <p>The interstitium becomes more concentrated, and the fluid inside the tubule becomes more dilute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the osmotic gradient created by the ascending limb?

    <p>To maintain the osmotic gradient necessary for the countercurrent multiplier mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the glucose carrier molecule in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>To transport glucose across the basolateral membrane by a passive mechanism called facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the potassium ion channel in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>To prevent potassium ion depletion in the blood or excess accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the activity of the transport proteins in the luminal membrane and the sodium/potassium ATPase ion pump activity in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>The activity of the transport proteins in the luminal membrane depends on the sodium/potassium ATPase ion pump activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport does the glucose carrier molecule use to transport glucose across the basolateral membrane?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of glucose movement across the basolateral membrane when its concentration is highest in the cell?

    <p>Out of the cell into the interstitium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport is responsible for carrying out the sodium/potassium ATPase ion pump's function?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intercalated cells in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?

    <p>Secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate to balance blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aldosterone in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?

    <p>Precise regulation of the final amount of sodium reabsorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased aldosterone on the principal cells?

    <p>Increased sodium ion reabsorption and potassium ion secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased sodium ions or increased potassium ions in the blood on aldosterone levels?

    <p>An increase in aldosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sodium/potassium ATPase pumps in the basolateral membrane?

    <p>Sodium ion reabsorption and potassium ion secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the principal cells?

    <p>Stimulation of water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does water not follow the solute in the principal cells unless stimulated by ADH?

    <p>The luminal membrane is impermeable to water unless stimulated by ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of principal cells in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts?

    <p>Regulation of water and sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

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