Unit 1 Test
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

  • Living things do not change over time (correct)
  • Living things reproduce
  • Living things respond to their environment
  • Living things are made up of cells

Which of the following is a process that living things use to obtain energy?

  • Metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Aging

What is the basic unit of matter?

  • Cell
  • Molecule
  • Atom (correct)
  • Nucleus

What type of bond is formed by sharing electrons between two atoms?

<p>Covalent bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of science?

<p>Relies on personal beliefs and opinions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative observations?

<p>Quantitative observations involve numbers, counting, and measuring objects, while qualitative observations involve characteristics that cannot easily be measured or counted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of forming a hypothesis in the scientific method?

<p>To provide a possible explanation or educated guess about some event in nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about covalent bonds in water molecules?

<p>Covalent bonds in water molecules cause them to be polar. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lipids?

<p>Lipids are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of proteins?

<p>Structural support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for controlling most of the cell's processes and contains hereditary information?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

<p>Regulates what enters and exits the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for making proteins?

<p>Ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in a cell?

<p>Produces energy-rich food molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process requires the input of energy and moves molecules and ions against a concentration difference?

<p>Active Transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

<p>Endocytosis involves the fusion of vacuole membranes with the cell membrane, while exocytosis does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about active transport?

<p>It can transport large amounts of material through movements of the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do bacteria and archaea reproduce?

<p>Asexual reproduction by binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

<p>Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about prokaryotic cellular components within the cytoplasm?

<p>They were once thought to be unenclosed, except for an outer cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process responsible for the movement of water across cell membranes in human cells?

<p>Osmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution will a plant cell lose water by osmosis?

<p>Hypertonic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solute called?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main agent of support in many plants?

<p>Osmotic pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a plant cell when it is placed in a solution that is hypertonic relative to the cytoplasm?

<p>The cell shrinks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about osmosis?

<p>Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the permeability of biological membranes to different molecules?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

<p>Cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>Serve as membrane transporters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the permeability of the cell membrane?

<p>It is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most abundant class of lipids in plasma membranes?

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of unsaturated lipids on membrane fluidity?

<p>Increase fluidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?

<p>Lipid bilayer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

<p>The membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded within it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to refer to isotopes that have never been observed to decay?

<p>Stable isotopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of an atom?

<p>The number of protons in the atom's nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the term 'isotope'?

<p>Isotopes are different forms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between amino acids to create a protein chain?

<p>Peptide bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain?

<p>Primary structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the three-dimensional structure created by a single protein molecule called?

<p>Tertiary structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of unsaturated fatty acid increases cellular membrane fluidity?

<p>cis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid configuration has a shape similar to straight saturated fatty acids?

<p>trans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid configuration is not found in nature and is the result of human processing?

<p>trans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the degradation of biomolecules in animal cells?

<p>Lysosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a unifying theme in biology?

<p>The diversity of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant molecule in every organism?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about water's molecular structure?

<p>Water is a small polar molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

<p>Water has a low specific heat capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about macromolecules?

<p>Macromolecules are made up of polymers such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about diffusion?

<p>Diffusion is the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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