Water Properties and Uses Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following states of water is not found on Earth?

Gas

Solid

Liquid

Plasma (correct)

What happens to water when it freezes?

It expands by 9% in volume (correct)

It shrinks by 9% in volume

It remains the same size

It becomes denser

Which of the following is NOT a use of water mentioned?

Irrigation for agricultural crops

Power generation

Cooking for food preparation (correct)

Health and sanitation

What composition of elements makes up pure water?

2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is true about pure water?

It is tasteless and odorless Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface?

Hydrologic Cycle Signup and view all the answers

In which of these sectors is water NOT typically used as mentioned?

Entertainment Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about rainwater is correct?

It contains chemicals dissolved from the air Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate driver of the water cycle?

The sun Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT alter the water cycle?

Moon Phases Signup and view all the answers

What is the average annual rainfall in the Philippines?

2,400 mm Signup and view all the answers

What absorbent process involves the downward movement of water into the soil?

Infiltration Signup and view all the answers

Which area has the highest average annual rainfall according to the given data?

Antique Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Philippine population has access to potable water?

96% Signup and view all the answers

Which hydrological process involves water changing from liquid to gas?

Evaporation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents natural discharge of water from clouds?

Precipitation Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrology concerned with?

Water's origin, circulation, distribution, and properties Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a use of hydrology in civil engineering?

Soil erosion analysis Signup and view all the answers

What type of water use is classified as consumptive?

Water used in manufacturing without being returned Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of non-consumptive water use?

Water used in hydroelectric power generation Signup and view all the answers

According to the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, what is considered a domestic use of water?

Water for drinking and household needs Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic household water requirement estimated to be per person per day?

40 liters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an importance of hydrology in civil engineering?

Geopolitical strategies Signup and view all the answers

How much of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the capacity of the soil to absorb rainwater is exceeded?

Runoff Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes 'evapo-transpiration'?

Water from leaves evaporating Signup and view all the answers

What is 'melting' in the context of water processes?

A solid becoming a liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered raw water?

Untreated surface or groundwater Signup and view all the answers

Which group utilizes water the most based on the provided content?

Agricultural Sector Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of potable water?

Water suitable for drinking and cooking Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'advection' in the context of water?

Movement of water through the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following regions is the groundwater flow significantly influenced by gravity?

Groundwater flow Signup and view all the answers

What type of water contains less than 500 ppm dissolved common salt?

Fresh Water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water is specifically drained from toilets and urinals?

Black Water Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for water that contains pollutants making it unsuitable for use?

Polluted Water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of water specifically refers to a rainwater runoff collected from roofs?

Storm Water Signup and view all the answers

What type of water occurs beneath the water table in soils and rocks?

Groundwater Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nature and Importance of Water

Hydrology studies the origin, circulation, distribution, and properties of water on Earth.
Water covers over 70% of the Earth’s surface and is the most abundant substance on Earth.
Only substance on Earth to naturally exist as solid, liquid, and gas.

Importance of Hydrology in Civil Engineering

Flood and drought management are critical for infrastructure planning.
Ensures reliable water supply and supports hydroelectric power generation.
Essential for maintaining water quality and effective irrigation strategies.
Addresses structural, transportation, geotechnical, and environmental challenges.

Fresh Water Categories

Consumptive water use refers to water that is not returned to the system, relevant in agriculture and manufacturing.
Non-consumptive water use allows water to be treated and returned to surface water sources.

Uses of Water under RA 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004)

Domestic uses include drinking, cooking, washing, and watering gardens, averaging 40 liters per person per day.
Municipal uses provide water for community needs.
Irrigation supports agricultural crop production.
Water is utilized for power generation and industrial processes.
Recreational activities rely on water for facilities like swimming pools and golf courses.
Health and sanitation facilities require clean water for operations.

Composition of Water

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).
Pure water is tasteless, odorless, and can only be obtained through specific methods like distillation.

Hydrologic or Water Cycle

The water cycle involves the natural movement of water on, above, and below the Earth’s surface, driven by solar energy.

Factors Altering the Water Cycle

Human activities such as agriculture and industrial processes.
Deforestation and reforestation impact water availability.
Construction of dams alters natural water flow.
Urbanization affects local water cycles.
Climate change has significant implications for water distribution.

Philippine Water Basics

The Philippines is endowed with 221 lakes and 421 river basins.
Average annual rainfall is approximately 2,400 mm, with 90% water availability.
Access to potable water is 96%, and basic water services reach 91% of the population.

Hydrological Processes

Evaporation: Transition from liquid water to gas.
Condensation: Water vapor cools and becomes liquid.
Precipitation: Discharge of water from clouds.
Infiltration: Water absorption into soil.
Runoff: Excess rainwater flowing over the ground.
Evapo-transpiration: Water evaporating from plant leaves.
Melting: Transition of solids to liquid.
Groundwater Flow: Movement of water underground due to gravity.
Advection: Horizontal water movement in various states.

Groundwater Reservoirs

Major groundwater reservoirs include Northeast Luzon, Central Luzon, Laguna Lake basin, and others across the Philippines.

Water Usage by Sector

Agricultural sector: Approximately 86% of water usage.
Commerce and industry: Around 8%.
Domestic use: About 6%.

Definition of Terms

Bottled Water: Sealed water for human consumption.
Potable Water: Safe drinking and cooking water.
Raw Water: Untreated surface or groundwater.
Fresh Water: Contains less than 500 ppm dissolved salts.
Surface Water: Exposed to the atmosphere with surface runoff.
Wastewater: Polluted liquid waste.
Groundwater: Water beneath the soil surface.
Leachate: Contaminated water from disposal sites.
Hard Water: High mineral content, particularly calcium and magnesium.
Black Water: Waste from toilets.
Gray Water: Waste from sinks and showers.
Storm Water: Rainwater runoff from buildings.

Classification of Water Sources

Rain or Atmospheric Water: Primary form of precipitation.
Surface Water: Combination of surface runoff and groundwater.
Groundwater: Rainwater that has infiltrated and percolated through the ground.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the properties, states, and uses of water in this informative quiz. Explore questions covering the composition of pure water, its behavior when frozen, and the water cycle. Ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of this essential resource.